Fetal Alcohol Syndrome The Effects of Alcohol on a Fetus...

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is caused by fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy and is characterized by specific patters of fetal deformities. Researchers are unsure at what stage in the pregnancy these malformations occur or the amount of alcohol consumed to cause these deformities. FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation that is preventable. There are usually three factors pertaining to a diagnosis of FAS: â€Å"the presence of prenatal/postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities.† (Pinto Pravikoff, 2008)Other disorders including fetal alcohol effects (FAE) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) may be present†¦show more content†¦Many times a diagnosis goes undetected due to signs and symptoms not being recognized. During a physical assessment and obtaining a history on FAS patients and pregnant women, the care provider is responsible for assessing risk factors as well as presenting problems in these patients. A fetus’ exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can be assessed or monitored by screening tools including blood tests and urinalysis on the fetus and mother to show the frequency, duration, and quantity of alcohol the pregnant woman is consuming. During the physical assessment of the fetus or infant the care provider should notice facial features such as: small palpebral (eyelids) fissures, smooth philtrum (groove between upper lip and nose), thin upper lip, small eyes with short slits, epicanthal folds, wide flat nasal bridge, micrognathia (small jaw), and ear defects. An MRI can also be performed and the results may show structural brain abnormalities like microencephaly. (Pinto Pravikoff, 2008) Treatment for FAS includes resuscitation, evaluation of deficit severity, and prevention ofShow MoreRelated Alcohol And The Fetus Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Know When to Say When nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Drinking during pregnancy is often thought of as no big deal. However, drinking during pregnancy is a very big deal. An unborn baby’s life is in the hands of the mother. If she decides to drink, she is risking the unborn’s chances of being as smart and healthy as it can be. Drinking during pregnancy opens the doors to a variety of harmful effects on the mother and her unborn baby, and until this is brought out in the open with honesty, it cannotRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Its Effects On Children856 Words   |  4 Pages Alcohol plays a major role in today’s society. Everywhere we look, something is advertising alcohol. Alcohol is consumed for many purposes, whether it be for a celebration, out of boredom, or a way to relax. Alcohol has very damaging effects. Not only does alcohol cause self-inflicted diseases, but it harms unborn fetuses as well. Many women drink alcohol before they realize they are pregnant. One of the most seve re effects alcohol causes an unborn fetus is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Fetal AlcoholRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition is a key component of an individual’s healthy well being. Many factors have a significant effect on nutrition and it is important to continuously maintain a balanced one. Having a good nutrition is one of the main defenses for an innumerous amount of illnesses and diseases that can harm the body. One would ask, â€Å"What is nutrition per say, and how do we maintain the balance of it?† Nutrition is defined as â€Å"the sum of the processes by which [a living thing] takes in and utilizes foodRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome : Causes And Effects1078 Words   |  5 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol plays a major role in society today. We consume alcohol for many purposes such as gatherings, holidays, or self fulfillment. One of the most frowned upon things that come with drinking in our society is drinking during pregnancy. Nonetheless, consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can result in pathologies for the mothers fetus leading to growth, mental, and physical birth defects, also known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. The severity of the effects from thisRead MoreWhy Pregnant Substance Abuse Should Be Treated As A Major Issue1441 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many reasons why pregnant substance abuse should be treated as a major issue. The effects of substance abuse on the mother, fetus, and the overall pregnancy can range from none to extremely harmful. Women who use drugs during their pregnancy commonly give birth to â€Å"crack babies† or â€Å"drug babies†. These babies can have developmental disabilities or other birth defects. The mother may give birt h to a premature infant, underweight infant, or even have a stillborn birth. The drug use of a pregnantRead MoreIn Today’S Society Healthcare Is Changing Rapidly, Mainly1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthat should be addressed is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). The valuable information found within so many resources allows for better prevention of FAS, patient centered care, and quality of care for not only the mother, but for the fetus as well. It is important to be able to have access to all types of resources, know how to interpret the information they are providing, educate the patient, and put it into practice in order to put an end to issues like Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. One of the issues thatRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a disorder that can happen to children whose mothers drank sufficient amounts of alcohol sometime throughout their pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition classified in a group called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and is the most known and severe of the group. FAS, depending on the factors such as location, population and race studied is considered one of the leading known causes of mental retardation and birth defects, with 0.2 – 1.5 out of every 1Read MorePrenatal Development And Development Of A Fetus1591 Words   |  7 Pagesof the development of a human fetus during pregnancy, from fertilization of the egg until the birth of the child. There are many factors that can contribute to the development of the fetus and many threats that can impact it. Most prenatal development occurs in a normal manner, however; there are many things that can go wrong during this vulnerable time and usually are caused by genetic or environmental factors. While the hazards that threaten the development of a fetus can be easily steered clearRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesof prenatal alcohol exposure (Lupton, 2003). This number will only continue to grow if the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant is not brought to t he people’s attention. When the mother takes a drink of alcohol, so does the fetus, which will cause physical and behavioral problems after birth. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is completely preventable and irreversible. FAS awareness and prevention is important; expectant mothers need to know the background information about the syndrome, some commonRead More The Irreversible Damage Caused by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesher baby. Excessive exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can inflict serious, permanent physical and mental damage on her child. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol she is making her child drink also. In knowing how Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be prevented, what the symptoms are, and who and what make up the risk factors fetal alcohol syndrome can be better understood. The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome states Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the name given to a group of physical

The Essence Of The Debate - 1712 Words

The Essence of the Debate Divine Election according to Calvin One of the most valuable key sources of information on the subject of divine election is John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion. He began weaving doctrinal revelation and explanation together in 1536 and finished the text in 1559. The initial composed manuscript presented comprehensive perspectives aligning with the four points of the Apostle’s creed. As time passed, Calvin decided to instruct readers in the rudiments of Christianity and offer a clear confession by which the French king could judge Reformation’s supposed heresy. The twenty first chapter of the third book of this work offered his understanding on the subject of divine election. The first line of this section explains â€Å"the covenant of life is not preached to all, and among those to whom it is preached, does not always meet with the same reception†. God has chosen, according to his mere pleasure, to spontaneously offer salvation to some and destruction to others. Although much scriptural evidence exists supporting this understanding, this revelation remains a mystery. Paul’s declaration in the Book of Romans suggests divine election â€Å"cannot be known unless God, throwing works entirely out of view, elect those whom he has predestined†. Hence, individuals need to remember that this subject of predestination is hidden in the recesses of divine wisdom. All are not born on the same terms; some are destined for eternal life and othersShow MoreRelatedGeorg Lukacs : The World Of The Integrated Society And Our World990 Words   |  4 Pagesopposites of one another, the Greek world is one where the essence of everything is both with in the soul and outside in the world. In our world this is changed and essence is something in which we live without. The ‘good’ is not found within or outside the individual, there will always be an internal debate about what is truly ‘good’. In the Greek world this ‘good’ is found, not created, and acted upon in a way that is instant, there is no debate. This essential nature of both the outer world and innerRead MoreAdaptation Is The Practice Of Art1434 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the very outset, it is worth noting that the article’s central theme is the practice of adaptation. Adaption is used in the article to describe the practice of transforming an already existing work of art to come up with a new form of art. In essence, adaptation involves developing a new work of art (such as a film) from an existing one (such as a novel or play). The new work of art is said to have transformed or adapted the original. As such, it is inevitabl y referred to a reproduction or adaptationRead MoreAdaptation Of The Film Industry1441 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the very outset, it is worth noting that the article’s central theme is the practice of adaptation. Adaption is used in the article to describe the practice of transforming an already existing work of art to come up with a new form of art. In essence, adaptation involves developing a new work of art (such as a film) from an existing one (such as a novel or play). The new work of art is said to have transformed or adapted the original. As such, it is inevitably referred to a reproduction or adaptationRead MoreGood Versus Neutral . In The Fourth Century B.C.E., A Fervid1317 Words   |  6 PagesGood versus Neutral In the fourth century B.C.E., a fervid debate was unfolding between the master Mencius and the debater Gaozi. The morality and ethics of humans was at stake. Their beliefs would change how individuals and societies viewed their decisions, their life outcomes, and ultimately, their true nature. In the ring, two clear opposing stances weighed in, but only one would make the cut. In one corner stood Gaozi, defining human nature as neutral, and in the opposing corner stood MenciusRead MoreThe Generation Of The World Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthat since the name â€Å"Son† refers to a relation held between Jesus and the Father which must be of generation â€Å"it follows that you have said that he is from the ‘essence’ of the Father†¦Ã¢â‚¬  since â€Å"a son is no other than the offspring from his father, is it not evident that the fathers have suitably said that the Son is from the Father’s essence?... If he is a son, he is not a creature, an d if a creature then not a son† for â€Å"no one would ever call his own offspring a creature or his creature offspring.†Read MoreAndragogy: The Cornerstone of Adult Education Essay743 Words   |  3 Pagesallows the availability for each adult to find their own specific learning style. As we all know, each individual will not learn the exact same as another. In the following essay we will explore all there is to know of Andragogy. The long standing debate of Andragogy is if adults and children learn differently and also if they should or should not be taught differently. To fully understand andragogy one must research into the different perspectives as I have done. For centuries it has been a well-knownRead MoreReaffirming Jesus : How Convictions Challenged By Conflicting Evidence Yield Stronger Beliefs1585 Words   |  7 PagesAll the way back in 381, ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts met in Constantinople to discuss the debate over Christ s humanity. Resulting from the first ecumenical council at Nicaea, all were in agreement that Christ was fully divine, He was homoousios with God the Father. However, the clergy and their theological consiglieri s had not settled the issue of Jesus’s essence, his nature, his ouisa entirely. While the ultimate conclusion of the council is not what impacted my understandingRead MoreChristianitys Attachment And Underlying Principles And Beliefs Are Cen tered On The Devotion Of The Holy Trinity1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe perception of the trinity has shaped controversy by finding a solution from a reliable origin. Deliberation on the true entity of God is unavoidable and contrasting opinions emerge by human endeavor. Debate on the trinity largely was derived by disagreement on the concepts ousia (common essence) and hypostasis (substance). These concepts became distinctive by The Cappadocian Fathers: Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus. The relationship of God, the Father, and his son JesusRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Trinity1600 Words   |  7 Pagesmarketplace without hearing or becoming engaged in a debate about whether God the Son is equal to or less than God the Father. After Arianism (the belief that Jesus is the Son of God and was created by God the Father at one particular point in time, and therefore distinct and subordinate to the Father) faded from the Eastern and Western Empires around 587 C.E., few questioned the doctrine of the Trinity from that time and throughout the Middle Ages. A debate arose late into the eighth century regardingRead MoreIntelligent Design Essays1315 Words   |  6 Pagesfeel this designer is the Christian God. This has also been the subject of much debate in the movement. Intelligent design cannot be understood until a few other concepts are understood. First is the theory of evolution. This is the brainchild of Charles Darwin. The theory holds that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor. From this concept arose the theory of natural selection. In essence this concept holds that certain essential traits are passed on to the next generation

The Cost of Independence Free Essays

string(190) " the Scottish Parliament and Government would be responsible for all areas of legislation, including foreign affairs, defence and taxation, but the Queen would remain the head of the state\." â€Å"The Cost of Independence – concerns and fears of Scottish Businessmen† Martina Macakova â€Å"What business leaders in Scotland really seek to hear is a positive discussion on the future for Scotland and what part they can play in shaping it, not a re-run of old arguments about potential damage to the economy of constitutional change. † introduction Ewan Hunter, Director of HunterSearch This essay deals with a discussion about Scottish independence through the perspective of local business leaders. Its aim is to analyze their opinion on Scottish tendencies towards independence, if and to what extent could they influence the results of upcoming referendum and whether Scotland’s business companies could play a role of an ally of the UK government. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cost of Independence or any similar topic only for you Order Now It provides the analysis of the current situation, especially in the light of recent events, as the First Minister Alex Salmond, leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP), in the beginning of January announced that the referendum on Scottish Independence should be held in autumn 2014. In this essay I will attempt to come with a prediction of the possible future development of the opinion of Scottish leading business companies. For that purpose I have examined mostly newspaper articles, opinion polls, governmental documents and public speeches given by the local business representatives. As a secondary source and the introduction to the topic of Scottish Independence I found very valuable a publication written by Jo Eric Murkens, Peter Jones and Michael Keating Scottish Independence: A Practical Guide. A division of state into two sovereign parts would be very complicated and long-term process. It is a process fraught with problems and controversy. Whether it is a break up of marriage or of nations, the major bone of contemption is always the same – who gets what. The division of Czechoslovakia in late 1992 and 1993 could serve as a precedent for similar action, anyhow the situation of the Union and former Czechoslovakia differs. In Scotland’s case, controversial may be especially the separation of state debt and North Sea oil reserves; the future of military bases on the island of Clyde, home of British nuclear missiles; question of the membership in the European Union and currency issue. Despite the fact that the independence is primarily a question of national identity and political change, we cannot forget that economic prosperity is prerequisite for well-functioning state. It’s Scotland’s oil If there was an independent Scotland would it be economic failure or success? It might sound a paradoxical thing to say but the core issue related to the economics cannot be really answered correctly. According to Peter Jones, the starting point for dealing with the economics of independence needs to be existing Scotland. And current Scotland is a Scotland that operates within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is obvious that public spending would demand greater income as two new types of costs would affect the public sector. First of all, there are costs incurred by the need to add on functions (such as defense) and those incurred by the need to disentangle the Scottish element of such UK-wide bodies (for example Inland Revenue). Undoubtedly, Scottish government can count on the benefits from obtaining control of offshore oil and gas resources. The representatives of SNP repeatedly assert the Scotland would be among the world’s richest countries. Additional GDP acquired from the profit made by oil companies offshore is something what we can more or less rely on. Before his re-election campaign Alex Salmond grasped the opportunity to dust off SNP’s old slogan â€Å"It’s Scotland’s Oil†. It was a smart move. As the election results showed the resurrecting claim that all North Sea oil – as well as its revenues – belongs solely to Scotland, was what Scottish voters wanted to hear. Oil and gas resources themselves don’t guarantee long lasting wealth. Douglas Fraser, Scotland Business and Economy Editor at BBC, expressed his concerns that there is an elephant in the room that needs to be discussed. The price of oil is volatile and volatile price of oil means volatile income. Moreover, the trend is clearly for the volume of oil and gas production to fall, though that is partly offset by higher average prices, higher tax rates, and so buoyant revenues. Yet, an economy of an independent Scotland would be dependent on number of variable factors whose precise effects cannot be forecast. Among those unpredictable factors is a haracter of the negotiations that can either minimaze or enlarge the degree of uncertainty. The level of uncertainty affects business confidence and investment and it is something that has been often mentioned by the Scottish business representatives while comenting on the question of independence. As Peter Jones points out, another parameter which stands completely out of political control is whether the general e conomic environment is good or bad. In adverse times, business would be extremely nervous about independence as would the international markets. In this situation the price of independence could be quite high. The aim of idependence is to change the monetary, fiscal and regulatory regime which is currently the same as the in rest of the UK. The Scottish voters are likely to approve a different kind of a devolution model, which would provide more powers for the Scottish Parliament, particularly in terms of tax-varying powers and fiscal policy in general. The conclusions of a poll conducted by Ipsos MORI in November 2009 are that 66 per cent of the respondents are in favour of the Scottish Parliament having increased its powers, whether in terms of further devolution or fully independence. The attempts to get the public involved and the referendum itself should be appreciated. That is the major difference in comparison with the zero involvement of Czechoslovak citizens when the dissolution of Czechoslovakia was decided about. More explanation about the proposed concept of independence provides the â€Å"Scotland’s Future: Draft Referendum (Scotland) Bill Consultation Paper†. Independence in terms of the proposal would mean that the Scottish Parliament and Government would be responsible for all areas of legislation, including foreign affairs, defence and taxation, but the Queen would remain the head of the state. You read "The Cost of Independence" in category "Essay examples" The current political and monetary union would be replaced by a social and monarchical union. Although the monetary union would no longer exist, Scotland would keep operating within the Sterling system until it would be decided in a referendum that Euro would be accepted. Although, SNP leaders would most likely to follow the peacefull process of velvet divorce of Czechs and Slovaks, it doesn’t seem that monetary question would be the case as the issue of currency remains unclear. While the Czechs and Slovaks immediately began to create their own currency, the Scots first considered adopting the euro. In connection with lasting Eurozone crisis First Minister Alex Salmond changed his rhetorics and now claims that they would keep the pound. The SNP proposes sticking with sterling until Scots choose, by referendum, to join the euro. According to Douglas Fraser from BBC, his problem, in explaining this policy, is that remaining with sterling leaves the Treasury and Bank of England in London to set Scotland’s monetary policy, while having no influence over it. THE business of (un)certainty Until recent time, there has been almost deafening silence on whether Scotland should become an independent country from local business companies. We could argue whether the reason for the lies in potencional risk of going out on a limb, as Douglas Fraser suggest in one of his articles, or if it more simple than that and the business leaders are just too occupied with the current financial crisis. Fraser writes in his article titled Holyrood’s challenge to business: â€Å"Iain McMillan seeks to balance support of some policy with pungent criticism. On balance, he says members say the potential advantages of devolved business taxation are outweighed by the likely costs. But it is the criticism that gets McMillan noticed, and nationalist voices can increasingly be heard questioning the legitimacy of the CBI as a voice for business in Scotland. The Federation of Small Businesses, the Scottish Council Development and Industry and Scottish Chambers of Commerce are careful to sit on the fence, probably because their memberships are split on constitutional questions. It is also because the implications of the Scotland Bill, or of increased devolution of taxation powers, are so unclear. [†¦] Representing the banks, insurers and asset managers, Scottish Financial Enterprise wants to know if the tax base could be changed as well as the rate. Would there be additional complexity, and at what costs to business? How volatile would tax receipts be, and can a value be placed on the value of being part of a larger, more diverse tax base, as at present? Even asking questions, which might be seen as hostile or at least awkward, is risky territory for business. † SFE Chairman, Mark Tennant, expressed his concernes regarding independence at the end of his speech at the annual dinner in December last year: â€Å"Our approach, however, should be empirical and focused on facts and the removal of uncertainties. [†¦] Our role is to identify the questions that need to be answered and ensure that the electorate receives an answer before they vote. † Also Danny Alexander who is MP for Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey, and Chief Secretary to he Treasury shares opinion that uncertainty hurts economy and remarks that „if the Eurozone has taught us anything, it is that monetary union between fiscally independent states is an extremely difficult challenge. â€Å" He argues that Scottish Government says it would continue to operate within the sterling currency area, but doesn’t say how. His message to the Sco ttish leader „think carefully before sacrificing stability through independence. â€Å" Regarding to the timing of the referendum, David Lonsdale, assistant director of Glasgow-based CBI Scotland, said in an interview. We want it sooner rather than later. † From the comments above is obvious that umbrella organizations associating Scottish business companies such as CBI and SFE are taking the side of UK government claiming that referendum should be held as soon as possible and at the same time expressing serious concers about the benefits of country’s independence. For a long time it seemed that the individual business leaders adopted an ostrich strategy because few Scottish business leaders have spoken publicly about constitutional change. However, year 2012 brought a turnover as some one of managers decided to stir up the still waters a bit. Martin Gilbert, chief executive officer of Aberdeen Asset Management Plc, Scotland’s largest fund manager, spoke out: â€Å"Whether it is independence or not is a matter for the voters to decide. I would like to see all the figures so you can make an informed judgment. At the moment you don’t know what the true figures are. † Boyd Tunnock, representative of the Scottish maker of Caramel Wafers and Snowballs, commented in e-mail statement: â€Å"Scotland and Scottish business needs certainty and clarity. We need the independence referendum to be held as soon as is reasonable so that investors know where they stand. † To some extent the uncertainty was diminished by the Salmond’s clear statement about the referendum date. One of country’s leading businessmen Jim McColl welcomed the Scottish Government’s upcoming consultation on Scotland’s constitutional future by saying: â€Å"Many of us in business are convinced a prosperous future for this country depends on more powers for the parliament. Article Business leaders join in referendum debate published on Tuesday this week shows slighty more positive attitudes towards the constitutional change and vice versa express criticism towards the representatives of CBI, SFE and Westminster politicians: â€Å"Members of Scotland’s business community have refuted questions over the timing of an independence referendum and called for an end to scaremongering and a proper discussion on the merits of taking all decisions about Scotland within Scotland. [†¦] There is little hard evidence that the referendum or the prospect of Scottish independence is damaging the Scottish economy. Business leaders have in the main expressed either a neutral or a positive attitude towards constitutional change in Scotland. † The author of the article supports his argument by quoting some of the local business leaders: â€Å"Recently David Watt, Executive Director of the Institute of Directors in Scotland was asked by the BBC’s Huw Edwards whether he was concerned by the prospect of a Scottish referendum in autumn 2014, as opposed to the Westminster government’s preference for a vote as soon as possible. Mr Watt said that he thought that the date of the referendum made no difference. Having a timetable leading up to the second half of 2014 allowed businesses to plan. † Similar opinion has Dan Macdonald of Macdonald Estates: â€Å"The fact is the biggest decision in three centuries lies before us and we owe it to our children, and those who succeeded us to take whatever time is required to discuss the form and detail of what will be our New Scotland. In order to do that London politicians need to stop peddling scare stories and focus on a meaningful debate about Scotland’s future. On the same is also owner of The Residence Glasgow, Sarah Jane Walls who feels that there should be â€Å"less negative scaremongering and more positive debate about Scotland’s future,† continuing that she is â€Å"excited about the possibilities for Scotland as independent country. † According to the survey processed for the Business Insider that covered opinions of busine ss on Scotland’s independence, the majority of businesses (67 per cent) think independence for Scotland would not have a positive effect on their business with only five per cent saying it would be positive and 17 per cent unsure. Questionnaires were sent to companies listed in Insider’s TOP500, SME300 and SPRINT100 lists. One of the CEO with this opinion poll further commented: â€Å"Achieving Scottish independence will not, in itself, prove to be the panacea for the challenges being faced. After all, there is little or no evidence to show any change will be positive. Therefore, to help improve our economy appoint independent Scottish and international business experts to properly advise our inexperienced politicians to tackle the real, everyday issues of business rather than spend unnecessary time debating the future of Scotland without ny clear evidence to support how, and indeed why, the status quo should be changed. † The contrary opinion expressed David Watt, executive director in Scotland of the Institute of Directors, by saying that none of the institute’s 1600 members have expressed any concern as to a delay in a referendum vote. A spokesperson for UK Oil Gas said although the bo dy has no member consensus on the issue of independence, none of its members has raised the issue as a specific concern. Conclusion The aim of this essay was to deal with the issue of Scotland’s independence from the perspective of local business leaders. By analyzing especially newspapers articles that are dealing with the topic I learned that there are three possible attitudes towards Scotland becoming independent. One side represented mostly by CBI and SFE publicly claims that independence vote could harm Scottish economy. The opposite camp, which is primarily constituted of blue-chip companies, suggests the contrary. These positively thinking business leaders are denying comments that a delay on independence and the independence in general will destabilise the Scottish economy. The third group is classified by being neutral or by refusing to comment on the independence question. It is logical that CBI and SFE are speaking less in favour of independence and the later date of referendum as they have closer relations with the government in London than the individual organization do. In my opinion, even the business leaders that proclamated their support for independence cause and Salmon’s referendum timing feel at least some doubts. Also I think that a lot of the is actually tired of the independence talk and they would rather here from both UK’s and Scottish Government some warranties in the time of economic crisis and that the politicians will support their efforts to kick-start the ailing economy. From the side of the local business leaders there is understandable demand for answers on number of important question. That brings us back to the introduction of the essay where I comment that most of the issues regarding the economic situation of independent Scotland cannot be precisely predicted. However it sounds disappointing. Many options might take place and the situation depends on various factors that Scottish Government cannot influence. We don’t even know the answer to the fundamental question – whether there will be an independent Scotland. UK’s government is strictly against the eparation of the Union, neither the Scots itself are united on the matter and as stands out from the lines above, nor the Scottish businessmen. Still, the independence is surely more realistic than it was couple months ago. I believe that CBI and SFE could be potencial partner of the central government during the future negotiations over independence. They associate number of important companies and they could have certain influence on their members. On the other hand, there is a quite large number of companies, which are managed by people who decided to prove that the idiom â€Å"You can’t fight City Hall† is a false statement. My belief also is that business could influence the negotiations, however I wouldn’t say that companies could be determine the public opinion in general. Which side in end the majority of the business leaders joins will depend on numerous factors, especially on how skilfull in answering difficult questions will Scottish political representatives be. SNP with Alex Salmond in lead is trying something that no-one has ever tried before. To conclude I would say that I propably wouldn’t bet on my own prediction because predicting something in terms of the economic situation of independend Scotland is like predicting the unpredictable. References Murkens, Jo E. ; Jones, Peter; Keating, Michael. Scottish Independence: A Practical Guide. Edingburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. Tom Clark. If one day it really is Scotland’s oil †¦ what will we do with it? The Herald Scotland, 29 October 2011. Available online: http://www. heraldscotland. com/news/home-news/if-one-day-it-really-is-scotlands-oil-what-will-we-do-with-it. 15567484 (accessed on 16 January 2012). Douglas Fraser. What would happen to Scotland’s economy after independence? BBC. 15 January 2012. Available online: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-16548644 (accessed on 16 January 2012). Douglas Fraser. Holyrood’s challenge to business. BBC. 30 September 2011. Available online: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-15122749 (accessed on 10 January 2012). Scotland’s Future: Draft Referendum (Scotland) Bill Consultation Paper. 15 February 2010. Available online: http://www. scotland. gov. uk/Publications/2010/02/22120157/0 (accessed on 10 January 2012). Danny Alexander. Uncertainty hurts economy. Scotland on How to cite The Cost of Independence, Essay examples

Global Sourcing Essay Example For Students

Global Sourcing Essay Why would a company go international? There are many reasons why companies would go international, but generally a company goes international so they can seek opportunities in domestic markets, or they seek solutions to problems that cannot be solved through domestic operations. There are many profitable possibilities by going internationally and these include greater profit potential, offers new locations to sell products, it may provide better access to needed raw materials, it may access to financial resources from many nations, and lastly it may allow labour-intensive activities to locate in countries with lower labour costs. For a small business to become an international business they must use five guidelines the first is global sourcing, exporting and importing, licensing and franchising, joint ventures, and wholly owned subsidiaries. The first two are market entry strategies and the remaining are direct investment strategies. GLOBAL SOURCINGThe first step in doing internation al business, this involves manufacturing and/or purchasing of components in different regions of the world and then putting them together to make the final product. The benefit of producing a product in a different part of the world is it can be done at a lower cost. For example Indonesia boasts among the lowest costs in the world, a big domestic market, and proximity to the rest of Asia. As a result, some companies are not merely sticking around they are expanding. Coca-Cola plans to open a new bottling plant next year. All told, over the past three years, the government has approved $26.2 billion in new foreign investment. Officials say foreign investors, apart from petroleum and financial-services companies, employ 3.5 million Indonesians, or 3.5% of the workforce. EXPORTING AND IMPORTINGExporting is the commercial activity of selling and shipping a good or goods to a foreign country. Importing is the commercial activity of buying and bringing in goods from a foreign country. The benefits of exporting and importing are good to a countries economy as it creates local jobs. The Honda plant in Alliston exports the Honda Civic (a three door hatchback and four-door sedan) as well it is the only facility in the world that builds the full-size Odyssey minivan and the Acura MDX sport utility vehicle. LICENSING AND FRANCHISINGLicensing occurs when a firm pays a fee and enters into a licensing agreement giving it the rights to another companys product, resulting in the rights to make or sell that companys product. The potential benefit of licensing is that it is a way to transfer technology from one country to another. Franchising is a form of licensing but instead of buying a product you buy a complete package of support needed to open a particular business. The benefit of franchising is for example Wendys sells a franchise, but they retain certain product and operating controls. JOINT VENTURESIt is a venture by a partnership or corporation designed to share risk or expertise. The benefit of joint venture is that everyone benefits. Both sides benefit from each others markets. In mid-June, Renault announced a joint venture with Suzuki assembler Indomobil that will assemble and distribute several Renault models. WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIESIt is an operation completely and totally owned by another firm. Thirty-four Arbys Restaurants that are located in the Chicago land area is operated as wholly owned subsidiaries of Lunan Corporation. The reasons outlined above are very important and beneficial to a small company that is going towards the international scene. In all of the examples managements decisions were affected as the firms began to grow, and increase. There are the five steps to follow in becoming an international company.

The Arctic Monkeys free essay sample

The Arctic Monkeys are a really great Indie band. They originated from the U.K. and have had many hit singles like Mardy Bum. Their somewhat electronic sound and witty lyrics have drawn thousands of fans from not only the U.K., but also the U.S.

pH, pKa, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

pH, pKa, and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The  pH  is  a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. pKa (acid dissociation constant) is related, but more specific, in that it helps you predict what a molecule will do at a specific pH. Essentially, pKa tells you what the pH needs to be in order for a chemical species to donate or accept a proton. The  Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describes the relationship between pH and pKa. pH and pKa Once you have pH or pKa values, you know certain things about a solution and how it compares with other solutions: The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, [H]. The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater its ability to donate protons.pH depends on the concentration of the solution. This is important because it means a weak acid could actually have a lower pH than a diluted strong acid. For example, concentrated vinegar (acetic acid, which is a weak acid) could have a lower pH than a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid (a strong acid). On the other hand, the pKa value is a constant for each type of molecule. It is unaffected by concentration.Even a chemical ordinarily considered a base can have a pKa value because the terms acids and bases simply refer to whether a species will give up protons (acid) or remove them (base). For example, if you have a base Y with a pKa of 13, it will accept protons and form YH, but when the pH exceeds 13, YH will be deprotonated and become Y. Because Y removes protons at a pH greater than the pH of neutral water (7), it is cons idered a base. Relating pH and pKa With the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation If you know either pH or pKa you can solve for the other value using an approximation called the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH pKa   log ([conjugate base]/[weak acid])pH pkalog ([A-]/[HA]) pH is the sum of the pKa value and the log of the concentration of the conjugate base divided by the concentration of the weak acid. At half the equivalence point: pH pKa Its worth noting sometimes this equation is written for the Ka value rather than pKa, so you should know the relationship:   pKa -logKa Assumptions That Are Made for the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation The reason the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is an approximation is because it takes water chemistry out of the equation. This works when water is the solvent and is present in a very large proportion to the [H] and acid/conjugate base. You shouldnt try to apply the approximation for concentrated solutions. Use the approximation only when the following conditions are met: −1  Ã‚  log ([A−]/[HA])  Ã‚  1Molarity of buffers should be 100x greater than that of the acid ionization constant Ka.Only use strong acids or strong bases if the pKa values fall between 5 and 9. Example pKa and pH Problem Find [H] for a solution of 0.225 M NaNO2 and 1.0 M HNO2. The Ka value (from a table) of HNO2 is 5.6 x 10-4. pKa  Ã‚  Ã¢Ë†â€™log  Ka  Ã‚  Ã¢Ë†â€™log(7.4Ãâ€"10−4)  Ã‚  3.14 pH pka log ([A-]/[HA]) pH  Ã‚  pKa  Ã‚  log([NO2-]/[HNO2]) pH  Ã‚  3.14  Ã‚  log(1/0.225) pH  Ã‚  3.14  Ã‚  0.648  Ã‚  3.788 [H]  Ã‚  10−pH  Ã‚  10−3.788  Ã‚  1.6Ãâ€"10−4 pH, pKa, and Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Key Takeaways The pka is the pH value at which a chemical species will accept or donate a proton.The lower the pKa, the stronger the acid and the greater the ability to donate a proton in aqueous solution.The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pKa and pH. However, it is only an approximation and should not be used for concentrated solutions or for extremely low pH acids or high pH bases. Sources de Levie, Robert. (2003). The Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations. J. Chem. Educ. 80 (2): 146. doi:10.1021/ed080p146Hasselbalch, K. A. (1917). Die Berechnung der Wasserstoffzahl des Blutes aus der freien und gebundenen Kohlensure desselben, und die Sauerstoffbindung des Blutes als Funktion der Wasserstoffzahl. Biochemische Zeitschrift. 78: 112–144.Lawrence J. Henderson (1 May 1908). Concerning the relationship between the strength of acids and their capacity to preserve neutrality (Abstract). Am. J. Physiol. 21 (4): 173–179.Po, Henry N.; Senozan, N. M. (2001). Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation: Its History and Limitations. J. Chem. Educ. 78 (11): 1499–1503. doi:10.1021/ed078p1499

The Coach and Horses Guest House Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Coach and Horses Guest House - Case Study Example The long-term objective of The Coach and Horses Guest House (Coach and Horses), is to become the finest preference on Paradise Bay, Sydney, for temporary lodging, through the creation of a differentiated experience that capitalizes on personal service, the historical British nature of the Coach House's construction, and its unique location in one of Australia's most cosmopolitan cities. We plan to create something more than just a guesthouse. We are determined to establish an environment that is dedicated to pampered luxury, and which vastly surpasses the standard fare for Paradise Bay. The Coach and Horses Guest House is an established guesthouse, which has been operating throughout the past five years as The Ploughman's Bed and Breakfast. After its possession, and after a short period of establishment, the Coach and Horses will diverse into a variety of other business ventures that will guarantee a steady flow of patrons, both locals and tourists, through its doors. Originally built in the 1860s, and believed to have been one of the first coach stations to carry the Royal Mail, the Coach and Horses has a deep historical history that is clearly evident within the construction of the building and the magnificent gardens that surround it. The structure has benefited from a major restoration program, which has effectively re-established the building's original composition, thus creating the potential of six large rental units, and four smaller units, with owner-occupancy in a separate unused building. The creation of a "home away from home," which is often far more palatial and beautiful than a

Contrast and compare the psychological theories of Jung and Freud Essay

Contrast and compare the psychological theories of Jung and Freud. Discuss some implications of their theoretical and therapeutic differences - Essay Example As seen in the research conducted by Schimmel (2013, pp. 61-77), Sigmund Freud was of the opinion that the mind comprise of three levels that control the human. The first level is the unconscious mind, second the preconscious mind and lastly the unconscious mind. For the case of the Psychoanalytic theory, focus is mostly put on the unconscious mind. In the work of Schimmel (2013, pp. 61-77), the unconscious mind entails feelings and thoughts such as sexual feelings, uninvited thoughts, events as well as the experiences that are in contrary with the conscious mind. In the thought of Freud, personality development solely relied on the unconscious motivations of the self (Rycroft, 1995, pp. 38-52). Freud also noted that the mind contains, the id, ego and the super ego (Schimmel, 2013, pp. 61-77). The id seeks to attain pleasure and will not stop until it attains its immediate satisfaction. In the event that the id does not get satisfied, it automatically turns aggressive. The ego tries to fulfil the desires of the id. This explains that the ego works under pressure from id to meet its needs if long term satisfaction has to be attained. The facilitation of the needs between the desires of id and ego reduces the chances of aggression and chaos resulting (Schimmel, 2013, pp. 61-77). Lastly, the super ego is a conscious part of the mind that represents the expected norms and values of the society. Schimmel (2013, pp. 61-77) writes that the superego determines what is factual and what is real; thus, determine how a person ought to behave in the society. Simply put, the superego determines what is right and what is not in the society more so as prescribed by one’s parents as well as the environment. It is through the superego that persons determine if they are right or wrong. In the long run, individuals end up appreciating themselves or even becoming guilty of their actions. The function of the superego is indeed a contrary of the id and the ego

HEALTH PROGRAM EVALUATION (Impact Evaluation and Accountability SLP 4) Research Paper

HEALTH PROGRAM EVALUATION (Impact Evaluation and Accountability SLP 4) - Research Paper Example Measureable outcomes benefit the executers of a project in that they provide a foundation for evaluating the objectives sought out in the first place versus the reality and true picture of the impact on the ground (Dreher. M et al 2006). For this case, measurable outcomes could encompass both the desired and the undesired effects of a project. Measurable outcomes could either be quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative outcomes are measured in terms of how many, how much et cetera while qualitative outcomes could be expressed in terms of how well, how reliable, how successful e.t.c. To find the number of children with neuro-developmental and related disabilitiesthat have been involved in court cases and in the process find the percentage of them that have been handled and concluded and those that are still pending in court. The percentage of the cases that have been concluded out of the total would provide the basis for knowing how fast and effective the justice system is in dealing with cases affecting such children. Another measurable outcome arising out of the objectives is the extent to which literature around children with neuro-development disabilities has been researched. How well researched is the information that is in the public domain and could there be cases of poorly researched material in the public domain. In this case what could be the percentage of the material? The third important factor to express as a measurable outcome is to identify how many members of the LEND group are knowledgeable in matters to do with children with neuro development disabilities. Again in this case one has to understand the highest level of knowledge that is present within the group and to what extent is this knowledge benefiting the group. Where applicable how many people should be trained in particular field by a given time. The last measurable outcome as relates to the objectives identified above is to know the extent of

Problem of food shortage

Problem of food shortage Evaluation of agricultural strategies against food crisis One of the major problems in recent years which is really controversial among countries in the world is the problem of facing food shortage especially in developing countries. This problem is due to some main reasons: high food prices, scarcity of food. These reasons which are mentioned have some serious effects on people health and life. For example different kinds of diseases or malnutrition are really significant because of lack of food. Generally governors name this critical situation food crisis. Different countries after some discussions decided to find a practical and real solution to rescue their people. There are some common strategies such as money charity, food aid, using new technologies in agriculture or usage of Genetically modified food which is a new technology which can cause producing better and more food. In this essay we are discussing about agricultural solutions related to the problem of food crisis and the evaluation of this method in some developing countries. Agricultural improvement has some parts to discuss, for instance irrigation methods and using fertilizers technology, but we are focusing on the effect of fertilizers. ( George Charles Lowrison, 1989) In general Fertilizers are compounds which are giving to plants to improve their growth and crops quality. Some of them can be absorbed by the root of the plants and the others can be sprayed. These components can be divided in two main groups organic and chemical (Inorganic) compounds. For instance the manure of animals is the good examples of organic fertilizers and Nitrogen, Phosphorus or Potassium compounds are inorganic chemicals. Some of them are soluble and some of them are insoluble. Most fertilizers which are soluble in water can be solved in soil water and absorb by the root of the plant. In this process fertilizer is not the only factor for growth, the plant needs sunlight, water, soil and different gases from the earth to start a process that Biologist name it growth and because of that the plant will grow. Growth is a general word but, scientist defines growth as a multiplication and also increasing the plant cell size. (Lagried, Bockman andKaarstad, 1999) During the last two decades some countries face some natural disasters such as drought, flood or sudden climate change which are causing many problems in agriculture area. Because of climate change some crops which needed specific situation to grow could not grow, therefore a huge decrease in the amount of crops were seen. And also flood due to climate change caused destroying many farms which were under cultivation. Due to this problems it can be seen a significant food shortage. As a result some governments decided to find new strategies in terms of agriculture. The agriculture improvement has its own categories in response of food crisis. Different arguments have been presented in the recent years. Using fertilizers and methods of irrigation or preserving soil from erosion are some main methods. Gary Toenniessen, director of food security at the Rockefeller Foundation believes that using fertilizer can affect the amount of nutrients in soil, therefore the amount of crops will incr ease significantly especially in dry regions.(Gray Toennessen,Accessed date: Dec 2009) The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements released a report and argued against chemical fertilizers on the grounds that they can have bad effect on ecological cycles and creating a dependence on chemicals.. Agricultural experts and many policy makers had an argument about using fertilizers and its effect on the amount of food. Based on their arguments they believe that using fertilizers in African countries will decrease famine among them. According to Bill Doyle, the CEO of Saskatchewan-based Potash Corp, using fertilizers for increasing yields against food crisis could be really useful. He emphasized that using the combination of three main fertilizers which are potassium, Nitrogen and Phosphorus can boost the crop yield by as much as 60%. Because of preventing people from famine the world can not feed hungry people without the application of fertilizers in their farms. He be lieves the world must increase the speed of using these substances to feed about eighty million people around the world. Although overuse of fertilizers has some environmental damages. For instance some serious problems will occur in ground water and it will pollute the rivers. The other effects which the fertilizer can have are in decreasing the soil water therefore it causes scarcity of water to irrigate the farms. (Doyle, 2009). Dr Norman Borlaug who is an agriculturalist and the winner of Nobel Pease prize has some ideas about using fertilizers in the recent years. As far as doctor Norman Borlaug concerned hunger often go hand-in-hand. He thinks one of the sufficient compounds which is really important against this crisis is fertilizer. It can have a dramatic increase in the amount of crops. In each year the world population grows by eighty million, therefore the number of consumers will increase. As a result these people need food and crops to live individually. Currently the u sage of grains is really low. In the last decade the usage of seeds has grown among people and its not really easy to provide enough food for people.Dr Norman ((If the farmers stopped growing food today, we would only have enough grains in the worlds storage bins to feed the worlds population for 58 days)). (Dr Norman, 2008) The arguments of this expert person shows feeding 6.6 billion people are really hard and it seems a good idea to use these chemicals. In recent years fertilizers are responsible for between forty and sixty percent of food production. These substances improve our soils in each harvest and it causes a kind of promotion in quality and quantity of food. Because of using the elements in the soil the amount of necessary compounds in the soil will decrease each year, therefore fertilizers are supplying the sufficient nutrients in soil to increase the amount and quality of the crops. Based on research in United Nation Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) agricultural products will be sixty percent higher in the year 2030 in comparison to the current year. The agricultural data over the past fifty years shows that the total world grain production such as corn,oats,wheat and rice increase 0.905 billion metric tons in the year 1965 to 2.091 billion metric tons in 2007. This dramatic increase in world grain production is because of 122 percent increase in crop yield. One of the countries that have a project against its food crisis is Kenya. It is situated in east Africa and situated near Indian ocean. This country is the forty seventh largest country in the world with the population of about 38 million people. (Source: World Bank).Unfortunately this country face many problems in the recent years, but one of the major problems is the food shortage. Many projects have been started against this problem; however researching about agricultural strategies is really significant. One of the projects which was started in January 2003 and still is on going is fertilizers supply as a cure for famine. The agriculturalist in this country use a kind of chemical fertilizers namely Mavuno.. A period of five year drought cause a serious famine for decades. members of cooperating farmer groups in Trans-Nzioia district have increased their maize yields from 8 to 22 bags per acre. In Embu and Kirinyaga districts, farmers harvested more yields it reached from 5 to 20 bags per acre. Approximately 10 bags on average are required to achieve household food security. This project has illustrated that demand for new improved fertilizers the provision of small bags of fertilizers and seeds enabled even the poorest farmers to achieve incremental gains in food and income over a few seasons. Many farmers purchasing 1kg bags quickly graduate to larger amounts. As a result fertilizer supply in this country would be really useful against food crisis. One of the developing countries in Africa continent is Ethiopia. This country is situated in northwest of Africa with the population of 78 million. The staple food in Ethiopia are oil seeds and cereals. People are suffering from famine and there is no proportion between the food demand and supply. Consequently these people are suffering from malnutrition and many diseases. In the year 2002 environmental policy of Ethiopia made some rules to protect the environment and also increase the amount of food in this re gion. They used chemical fertilizers in smallholder agriculture had a great effect on the quality and quantity of food. After this experience they tried these chemicals in larger farms and again they reached to the same results in their crops especially Cotton. Because of starvation problem in Ethiopia a Tigray project started in 1996 to fight this disaster and rescue their people. The project showed an increase in the amount of yields after some years. One of the crops which had a good result after fertilizer treatment was pea. In general fertilizers have a major role in better and more crops in this country. As discussed in the previous paragraphs, it seems starvation is one of the critical situations in the current world and this problem lead people to become ill and malnutrient. Consequently scientists, agriculturalist, and governments decided to find a long term solution to increase their yields. Finally after some experiences and arguments they reached to the common idea about using specific compounds which are fertilizers to increase the food to feed their people and rescue them. Generally fertilizers can greatly increase productivity in the current century. After some researches about this project I believe in this idea that using these types of chemicals would be greatly effective on food production and it could be a reasonable solution against famine disaster in developing countries. References: George Charles Lowrison, 1989, Fertilizer Technology, Library of congress, Simon and Schuster international publication Lagried, Bockman andKaarstad, 1999, Agriculture Fertilizers the environment, Library of congress, CABI Publication www. countrystudies.us/ethinews. www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/talking_point/debates//2440975.stm http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/?q=node/view/499[accessed date: Dec2009] http://www.scidev.net/en/news/fertilisers-key-to-food-crisis-in-africa-says-s.html)[Accessed date: Dec2009] http://www.thriftyfun.com/tf88155949.tip.html))[Accessed date: Dec2009] http://matadorpulse.com/do-we-need-industrial-fertilizers-to-weather-the-food-crisis/nt grow and produce crops. [Accessed date: Dec2009] http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/62763[Accessed date: Dec2009] http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64312881piPK=64302848theSitePK=40941Projectid=P113002[Accessed date: Dec2009] http://whttp://en.allexperts.com/q/Fertilizer-717/advantages-disadvantages-using-fertilizers.htmww.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-fertilizers-harm-earth[Accessed date: Dec2009] http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=subsidized-fertilizer-africa[Accessed date: Dec2009] http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/lh014[accessed date; Dec2009] www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-10/970846845.Bt.r.html[Accessed date: Dec2009] www.cropfile.com/news[Accessed date: Dec 2009] www.tfi.org/factsandstat[Accessed date: Dec 2009] www.rssww.sciencedev.net[Accessed date: Dec2009] www.earthwire.org/uk[Accessed date: Dec2009] www.mail.saasta.ac.za[Accessed date: Dec 2009]

Man vs. Woman in A Streetcar Named Desire :: Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire

During the time period Tennessee Williams, author of the play A Streetcar Named Desire, lived in, men were typically portrayed as leaders of the household. Through Williams' usage of dialogue, specific descriptions of each characters, as well as sound, he illustrates to readers of today's society how differently a man and woman coexisted in the mid-1900s, compared to today. Through the eyes of a topical/historical theorist, who stresses the relationships between the story and the time period it takes place, the distinction between today's society and that of five decades past, can be observed with depth and precision. Â   Stanley Kowalski, a main character in A Streetcar Named Desire, is a common man who is simple, straight forward and brutally honest. He treats his wife with no respect, for she does not deserve it because she is a woman. To him, her duties are to obey his commands and tolerate his intolerable actions. If she chooses to disobey or challenge his orders, it is then his duty to abuse her physically if he deems it necessary. He insincerely apologizes for it afterwards, and expects his wife to learn from her mistakes and to continue with her duties as though he did nothing wrong. During this time period, domestic violence is not uncommon and is widely accepted as a means in obtaining a desired behavior from one's wife. Stanley is clearly aware of this. Â   After an attack, his wife states to her sister, "He was as good as a lamb when I came back and he's really very, very ashamed of himself (Williams, 2309). Due to human nature, he does show that he feels sorry for his wife, in order to make sure she doesn't get any ideas to leave. Stanley is unaware of this, but the fact that he fears his wife's departure is an insecurity we will never admit to (psychological/psychoanalytic approach). Â   Stella, Stanley's wife in the play, is a passive woman. She is displayed this way through how she responds to the people and situations around her. When she is beaten by Stanley, she understands that his drunkenness takes hold of him and he has no control over his actions. She knows he never means her harm and his intentions are good.

Music Magazine Stereotypes

Kerrang! magazine is a music magazine that is mainly based on rock music. It is published by Bauer Consumer Media in the United Kingdom. The magazine's name is onomatopoeic and refers to the noise made when playing a power chord on an electrical guitar. The target audience for this magazine would first and foremost be teenagers (mainly those 16+) and also those in their 20’s. Some of its viewers would be approximately in their 30’s (the same age as the people featured in the magazine).Or simply, people who admire rock and loud music as the magazine mostly centres on rock and punk music. You can tell that the target audience is mainly teenagers because the bands featured in this magazine have got principally teenage fans, and also the title itself appeals to teenagers and people in their late 20’s (the design of it is edgy which appeals to them). I have been carrying and investigation based on whether the famed magazine Kerrang conforms to genre conventions. Accor ding to my research, I personally believe that Kerrang does conform to genre conventions.The reason for my theory is pretty clear as nearly all the magazine covers for this magazine simply suggest the fact that it’s a rock magazine, starting from the name of the magazine, to the singers featured in it and finally to the layout of the magazine’s cover. Normally, most magazine, especially rock and punk magazine, try their very best in order to make their covers attractive and appealing. Magazine use well known singers or bands in order for it to be much more noticeable which will attract various kinds of audiences.Furthermore, magazines like to include special offers in their covers, as well as secondary images (apart from the main image) so that it would lure in audience. Normally, if they include secondary images, magazine attempt to put an image of a famous musician that is well liked by the audience (see figure one) so that it would attract people into buying it. Ker rang has used nearly all the conventions in order for them to symbolize the genre they’re representing.The name of the magazine suggests the fact that it’s a rock magazine due to the fact that it’s a sound made my an electrical guitars, and since most rock bands use electrical guitars rather than using an acoustic one or a piano, this verifies the fact that it’s a rock band. Moreover, Kerrang mostly feature well known rock bands such as Metallica, Paramore, Green Day and My Chemical Romance (See figure 2, 3, 4, 5,). Additionally, they normally include so many headlines, secondary pictures and special offers like other magazines such as NME to exert a pull on the audience (See figure 7).This magazine also includes a PLUS! section like NME magazines has, this is done to tempt the readers and to increase the immensity of the advertisements. Kerrang has a lot of similarities with NME regardless of the fact that they both are rock magazines. They both feature a lot of rock band such as My Chemical Romance in addition to the headlines and secondary images. This shows that they both conform to genre conventions. (See figure 4 and 8). They share other similarities such as the fact that they both try to cover up the all cover using additional headline as well as secondary images.Kerrang covers are almost all alike. All of them include a main image in addition to a special offer to increase the sales. Although, some of Kerrang’s covers don’t include secondary images or additional headlines. Some of their covers may be a bit dissimilar to the others as it could either be an exclusive edition or just some other reason. If you take a look at Figure 4 and Figure 9, you could spot the very noticeable difference which is firstly, there is only one image in Figure 9 whilst there are more than one (excluding the main image) in Figure 4.Other differences such as the fact that Figure 9 is a bit less messy than Figure 4 also stand out. Eve n though there are differences between the two, they is still a various amount of similarities between them such as the fact that the name is written in the same font and the same style, in addition to the fact that they both feature special offers as well as main images of famous rock musicians. From the front cover we can only see that their interests are conventional rock groups.Most of the front covers have a header listing some mainstream bands; the main image on most the front cover is of the lead singer of a mainstream rock group, and on the side they list other mainstream rock groups that are going to be in the magazine and also are advertising that they have posters of yet more majority rock groups. If we wanted to find out any more of their interests we would have to look inside the magazine at the table of contents. Furthermore, the font used to write the name of the magazine is filled with cracks and different, which suggests the idea that it’s rock music magazine .In addition to the colours used (black and white, orange and yellow) which are LOUD colours, which represent the magazine as a loud magazine. In conclusion, I think Kerrang magazines are very much similar to other magazine who also feature rock music. Like other magazines, Kerrang includes a main image, additional headlines, and secondary images, buzz words such as ‘FREE! ’ and also special offers. The magazine matches a lot of genre conventions because like other magazines, they try to represent heir genre through their cover and they succeed in a clever way.

Importance of English Essays

Importance of English Essays Importance of English Essay Importance of English Essay English can be used as a language in any part of the world. This is because at least a few people in each locality would know the language. Though these people might not have the same accent as others, the language at least will be understandable. There are various reasons for the importance of English language. They are listed below. 1. Travel: When a person travels to another part of the world either for the sake of business or even as a tourist, the languages may differ. In these conditions, English is the language that helps people to deal with the situation. It is like a universal language. 2. Same country: In countries like India, where the land is so vast with people of various cultures live, the languages of each part of the country also differ. Under the circumstances, English can be the only link as people in each place will not be able to learn all the other languages to communicate with the people. English bridges this gap and connects the people. 3. Education I Studies: The presence of English as a universal language assumes importance in the fact that more and more people leave their countries not only for the sake of business and pleasure, but also for studying. Education has increased the role of English. Finally, if you are studying English at school, college or university, remember that getting an ‘A’ grade in English is almost worthless, in terms of communication, if you cannot speak the language. Spoken English is used in the best careers, the best universities, and is increasingly being used at job interviews. So like it or not, English is a very important language to learn how to speak. Being able to read and write in English is not enough! – Vance Carson, Kajang

Differences Between Compilers and Interpreters

Differences Between Compilers and Interpreters Before the Java and C# programming languages appeared, computer programs were only compiled or interpreted. Languages like Assembly Language, C, C, Fortran, Pascal were almost always compiled into machine code. Languages like Basic, VbScript and JavaScript were usually interpreted. So what is the difference between a compiled program and an Interpreted one? Compiling To write a program takes these steps: Edit the ProgramCompile the program into Machine code files.Link the Machine code files into a runnable program (also known as an exe).Debug or Run the Program With some languages like Turbo Pascal and Delphi steps 2 and 3 are combined. Machine code files are self-contained modules of machine code that require linking together to build the final program. The reason for having separate machine code files is efficiency; compilers only have to recompile source code that have changed. The machine code files from the unchanged modules are reused. This is known as making the application. If you wish to recompile and rebuild all source code then that is known as a Build. Linking is a technically complicated process where all the function calls between different modules are hooked together, memory locations are allocated for variables and all the code is laid out in memory, then written to disk as a complete program. This is often a slower step than compiling as all the machine code files must be read into memory and linked together. Interpreting The steps to run a program via an interpreter are Edit the ProgramDebug or Run the Program This is a far faster process and it helps novice programmers edit and test their code quicker than using a compiler. The disadvantage is that interpreted programs run much slower than compiled programs. As much as 5-10 times slower as every line of code has to be re-read, then re-processed. Enter Java and C# Both of these languages are semi-compiled. They generate an intermediate code that is optimized for interpretation. This intermediate language is independent of the underlying hardware and this makes it easier to port programs written in either to other processors, so long as an interpreter has been written for that hardware. Java, when compiled, produces bytecode that is interpreted at runtime by a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Many JVMs use a Just-In-Time compiler that converts bytecode to native machine code and then runs that code to increases the interpretation speed. In effect, the Java source code is compiled in a two-stage process. C# is compiled into Common Intermediate Language (CIL, which was previously known as Microsoft Intermediate Language MSIL. This is run by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), part of the .NET framework an environment that provides support services such as garbage collection and Just-In-Time compilation. Both Java and C# employ speedup techniques so the effective speed is almost as fast as a pure compiled language. If the application spends a lot of time doing input and output like reading disk files or running database queries then the speed difference is barely noticeable. What Does this Mean to me? Unless you have a very specific need for speed and must increase the frame rate by a couple of frames per second, you can forget about speed. Any of C, C or C# will provide sufficient speed for games, compilers, and operating systems.

Write a letter to Obama on the national defense authorization act and Research Paper

Write a letter to Obama on the national defense authorization act and how it is not constitutional - Research Paper Example Section 1021 and 1022 of the National Defense Authorization Act allow and grant authority to the counter-terrorism unit and the Armed forces to detain any individual (more so a United States citizen) who is suspected of being involved in terrorism. This section is against the first ten amendments of the US constitution which are in accordance with the Bill of Rights. The rights of the detained person are infringed upon and especially the rights to movement and liberty (www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights.html). The above information is also supported by the American Civil liberties Union (ACLU) whose main aim and objective is protection of individual’s human rights and liberties according to the US constitution. This human rights group has been in the forefront to support in supporting the constitution and where the constitution is breached it has also to complain and demand for an amendment (www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html). According to the courthouse news service which reports on all court activities (http://www.courthousenews.com/2012/05/16/46550.htm), on the 16th of May 2012, a US District court Judge Katherine Forrest passed a ruling blocking the implementation of this statute. According to her ruling, the Act was contrary to the first and the fifth amendment of the United States Constitution and therefore did not protect the citizens of US against unlawful detention by the military on suspicion of being involved in terroristic acts. Judge has taken an oath to rule governed by the constitution and hence anything that is against the constitution should not be put to action. The constitution is a powerful tool and protector of the citizens of US and therefore any Act or declaration going against it is deemed as unfriendly and threatening the security offered by the constitution.

Sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sudan - Essay Example The government and the opposition had different views of what happened, and this resulted in divergent understanding of the cause of the problem. The government maintained that the international communitys failure to condemn a coup encouraged Machar. On the contrary, the opposition maintained that Kiir and some members of Dinka used the fight as an excuse to attack rivals and carry out atrocities against Nuer in Juba. The government was at the same time looking for strategies to maintain an internal cohesion, appropriate political reforms, and diversity management strategies since it was perceived to be Dinka-dominated. Both Kiir and Machar delegations were sent for peace talks in Ethiopia. The conflicts occurred as a result of attempts to control territories along the border between North and South. The North was fighting rebellions around its periphery in South Kordofan, Blue Nile, and Abyei (Fearon &Laitin, 2003). These are the same areas it fought against before South became independent. Conflicts in the areas resulted due to the presence of various armed rebels, which is much different from an economic warfare knowing the two nations focused on oil allocation. Thus, an agreement between North and South would not probably settle the conflicts at the border since the local populations were mobilized, and liberation movements formed. The CPA that had ended the 19 years civil war (1983-2005) was negotiated between the South Sudan movement SPLM/A, and Sudans ruling National Congress Party (NCP). This excluded other groups in both North and South. However, most groups from South were absorbed in the SPLM/A (Crisis Group interviews, 2013). During the critical period of CPA, most of the issues were not reconciled. Today, many communities in Sudan continue to align themselves with military factions. For this reason, the conflict has remained to be some sought of

Dis 8 - 527 - two paragraph same idea with different words Assignment

Dis 8 - 527 - two paragraph same idea with different words - Assignment Example Each country has its own interests and tries to attain its own goals. But as at present all countries are interdependent, any changes in one or several of them, which are not done for the sake of the whole world, but for personal interests and advantages, may bring to the changes in other countries and to disorder in the global system functioning. The examples of such changes and interdependence are the global financial crisis, which took place a few years ago, the cut of interest rates in the USA due to changes in global money flows, the present political and economic sanctions, imposed on Russia because of events in Ukraine, and many other. The combination and controversy of personal countries interests and the necessity to make the global system work can lead to instability of the global economy functioning. The complexity, high frequency and speed of changes make the world more unstable and fragile. The misunderstanding of the events and their reasons, lack of guarantees and the difficulty to predict future make people fear and panic, even though the overall indicators of peoples welfare increased in the whole world. So as globalization becomes more and more complex, and it cannot be stopped, it is better to consider it as a condition of future development of the world, rather than one of the possible

Pakistan Energy Outlook Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Energy Outlook Essay Primary energy consumption in Pakistan has grown by almost 80% over the past 15 years, from 34 million tons oil equivalent (TOEs) in 1994/95 to 61 million TOEs in 2009/10 and has supported an average GDP growth rate in the country of about 4.5% per annum. However since 2006/07 energy supply has been unable to meet the country’s demand leading to shortages. Meanwhile per capita energy consumption in Pakistan at under 0.5 TOEs/capita remains only one-third of world average. Indigenous natural gas is the largest source of energy supply in Pakistan contributing 27. 7 million TOEs (45.4%) in 2009/10, followed by oil products, mainly imports, at 21.3 million TOEs (34.9%), hydel power at 7.5 million TOEs (12.3%), coal, mainly imports, at 3.7 million TOEs (6.1%) and nuclear power at 0.8 million TOEs (1.3%). Consumption of indigenous natural gas has grown rapidly in all sectors of the economy (residential, commercial, industrial, transport and power) over the past 15 years, driven by growing availability of gas and a low, government-controlled gas price as compared with alternate fuel prices. As a result, Pakistan has developed a vast natural gas transmission and distribution network across the country. However Pakistan’s indigenous natural gas reserves are declining and a low gas price has become a significant disincentive in attracting new gas supplies, either through increased domestic exploration activities or via imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or regional gas pipeline imports. If current gas policies persist, Pakistan’s natural gas supply is expected to decline from 4 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) in 2010/11 to less than 1 bcfd by 2025/26. This will lead to a growing gas/energy shortfall reaching 8 bcfd (over 50 million TOEs) by 2025/26 and will depress Pakistan’s average GDP growth rate over the next 15 years. It is also unlikely that Pakistan will be able to substantially develop its other indigenous energy sources of hydel power and coal by 2025/26 under current policies, and the energy import requirements of the country may grow from the present 30% to over 75% of the energy mix by 2025/26 costing over $ 50 billion per annum in foreign exchange. The government-controlled power sector in Pakistan, one of the largest consumers of primary energy, is facing growing problems due to an unrealistic power tariff, high inefficiencies, low payment recovery and the inability of the government to manage its subsidies mechanism. This has led to a serious â€Å"circular debt† issue which is becoming a barrier for future energy sector investments. This Pakistan Energy Outlook document identifies a set of energy â€Å"Blueprints† which, if implemented, could allow the energy sector in Pakistan to thrive and grow and become the engine for the social and economic development of the country, allowing accelerated GDP growth rates. As with all reform processes, the â€Å"Blueprints† will require significant political will to execute and it is hoped that the present and succeeding governments in Pakistan will rise to the occasion.

The success of ALDI

The success of ALDI ABSTRACT In the new era of information technology, we have seen the large migration of interrelated software and from research; I found that the grouping of software called the Enterprise systems. On this hypothesis, I worked on ALDI one of the biggest super market in Europe and profitable as well compared with other giant super market. The reason, why I am choosing ALDI is because it is near to where I am living and also this will help me to find and gather more information to work on in the thesis. I am also curious why they are selling cheaper products with good quality than other super market and also the reason behind their success? I did research on it and please see detail below for more instructive information. This case study introduces what Enterprise System and the important role in ALDI or other organizations. Therefore, I would like to introduce how this structure is intended to be legalizes with experiential substantiation and the expected contributions of the research to academ ia and business. What is ALDI? ALDI is an excellent in global retailing industry and it is citied by Europe as largest retailer, the network proved of success by going against virtually every standard of super marketing. Mr. Brandes said: The Aldi system is not exclusively a retail discount system, but the management and organisation system that can be applied in any business. ALDI is secretly held by brothers Theo and Karl Albrecht established in 1993, Aldi Group is Germanys leading grocery store network. Early of 1990s the company established and operated 3,000 stores under the Aldi, Hofer, and Combi names in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Austria, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. Unlike the vast majority of supermarket chains, which are continuously increasing their product offerings and selling space, Aldi holds selection at its stores to about 700 items. (Dieter Brandes 2000)C:UserskbalaDesktopEShead_logo_blue.gif In 1993 examination of the limited-assortment function noted that flourishing discounters (like Aldi) work strongly with manufacturers to design products that are cheaper to convey, stock, and sell than branded goods. National brands are occasionally offered, but many business observers hypothesize that Aldi only stocks them to emphasize its own discounts. While Aldi has experienced huge success in its will do attitude to develop its power globally, its performances have had a prominent effect. Nevertheless, from the research I found Aldis pioneering in Internationalisation and spurred to the changed of the global retail food organisation. In 1993 the Economist confirmed that cross-border mergers, acquisitions and alliances in European Community food-retailing, almost unknown a few years ago, are already growing. (Economist 1998) Former ALDI manager Dieter Brandes reveals the objectives that strengthen ALDI do, starting with simplicity. The system is not only a retail discount system but the management and organisation can be applied any to business. From the research, I found companies such as Wal-Mart and General Motor getting more complex in management but ALDI empowered of simplicity, so I identified the simplicity of the system and management, the retailer can offer discount rate of goods. An Enterprise System (ES), what does it mean? Around the world, organizations are expanding and are connecting one business function with another business to another business unit (integrated business). ESThe diagram below is summarise of the fundamentals of an ES, as from here we can see the benefits of implementing an ES in ALDI The Components of Enterprise System Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ERP is an integrated computer-based system that handles internal and external resources, including financial resources, materials, stocks and human resources in ALDI. Activities undertaken internally from system development to implementation and maintenance, and the management of all these processes cover a greater number of staff. ERP systems also merge all business operations into a uniform and enterprise-wide system environment. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) MRP which is phases orders for dependent-demand items over a period to coordinate flow of materials and in in-process inventories for an example (BOM software-Bill of Materials) with manufacture schedules. It also calculate and tracks consequence of hundreds of variables such as new orders, changes in various capacities, clogged production centers, shortages, and delays by suppliers for an example (Inventory Status File software ISF), and feeds financial data into the accounting system. Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) DRP is generally used with an MRP system, even though most DRP models are more inclusive than stand-alone MRP models. The fundamental basis for DRP is to more precisely predict demand and then use that information to increase delivery schedules. This way, distribution in ALDI can reduce inbound supply by using MRP in combination with additional schedules. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) One important role in Enterprise System is an integrated information system that is used to plan, schedule and control the presales and post sales actions in a business. The primary goal of CRM is to improve long-term growth and profitability through a better understanding of customer behavior. In the compartment interconnecting CRM, Customer Experience Management (CEM) playing significant role to collect automated information. ERP systems also integrated CRM systems that deal directly with the customers, or the eBusiness such as e-Commerce, e-Government, e-Telecom or supplier relationship management (SRM) systems. Control and Enhance Business activity with SCM and EDI SCM (Supply Chain Management) is to control the process of the series of activities that move products from suppliers. It is ideal for operations for ALDI that require rapid order entry procedures, visibility of process from the order entry screen, and extensive serial tracking capabilities. In addition, the software provides extensive shipping and multi-warehousing management capabilities in ALDI. There are fundamentally 3 goals of SCM: to decrease inventory, to boost the pace of transactions with real-time or online data exchange, and to amplify returns by fulfilling customer demands more resourcefully. EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and e-Procurement we can set goals; and predict, optimize, and schedule time, materials, and other resources with EDI activities: The inventory tracking is significantly facilitated throughout Web-based ordering (Web 2.0 or e-Mobile) and the softwares ability to integrate with bar-code-readers with the retail Point of Sales (POS) system. E Commerce Internet, the most powerful tool of the new era of ES technology, it has transformed the business methodologies and dramatically impacted the communication with customers. The formation of faster internet connectivity and influential online tools has resulted in a new commerce arena Ecommerce. The advantage of introducing Ecommerce in ALDI and its customers are as follows: This revolution is particularly common in business-to-business (B2B) commercial. Many of the Fortune 500 companies have adopted e-commerce systems such as Amazon, Tesco, IBMs etc. E-commerce can be developing XML (cXML, or Commerce Extensible Markup Language) specification for the messages. The XML Common Business Library (xCBL) as the format of messages, and mySAP uses the Open Catalog Interface between buyer and seller systems Cast study According to Glen Petersen, author of ROI: Building the CRM Business Case, the most successful CRM systems are found in organizations that realign their business model for effectiveness, not just redesign their information systems. The other benefit of the ES approach is to have the same version and method information systems for the whole branches whether in ALDI in Ireland or ALDI in Denmark. The information stored in systems stored once and at the same time it will avoid any duplication and save money as well. As a result, there is no wasted effort and no variation of data. This can be done via Database Management Systems Server (DBMS), so the new opening branches need to network to DBMS server to download programs, product details, etc. The integrated systems will flow seamlessly across diverse business strategy, business units, and geographic boundaries. Eventually, most of transactions currently are use integrated system to running business operation such as purchasing, invoicing, cashiering, (inserting, updating, manipulating and reporting data) etc. The integrated system that sound general but number of companies implemented, implementing such systems called an Enterprise Systems Developments of Enterprise Systems From my research and the inspiration by Peter Checkland the best method before designing, the phases should analyze with Soft System Methodology (SSM) before Systems Development Life Cycle (SLDC) taking process. SSM was developed during the 1970s, the methodology surfaced from systems engineering. The system engineering unable to scope with complex system, so the SSM grew stronger till up to date. The SSM, to handle the complexity where the ALDI could recognize and understand the global needs. A complexity where SSM is appropriate is in deciding how ALDI should make use of the information technology. Please see below the sample of SSM process though CATWOE analysis: The next stage of SSM is SLDC. SLDC is life cycle for the project management technique that alienated complex phases into smaller part. Segmentation of phases easier to manage and substantiate the successful completion for ALDI. Please see below the subsequent phases: System realization and implementation Initial feasibility of project C:UserskbalaDesktopEShead_logo_blue.gif Various testing phases integration system, testing and debugging Project planning and designing The phases-analyst, structured and documentation Actual programming and coding phases Implementation an Enterprise System in ALDI Enterprise systems have enabled cost-effective business processes and contributed to the improvement in process efficiencies. The Enterprise systems start from back-office an automating the business transactions that customer do not care about. In eye of people, although back office systems not offer reimbursement they do important role for an organizations. Poorly, operating of back office can lead to unsatisfied customers, suppliers or tax officer and also cant generate accurate accounting final reports. So, in my observations, moved or transforms into ES it will supporting supply chains of optimization, sales force automation and improve customer service. When implementing ES, most organisations are required to do significant changes and to (re)design processes according to the best practices embedded in ES. This is considered the most challenging issue in ES projects (Davenport 2000, Shanks et al. 2003). Robey et al. (2002) suggest that ES implementation can be understood as dialectic of learning. ES create new opportunities but also new challenges and difficulties for both users and implementers and influence ES development. The implementations of system in ALDI, can be done in either by installing more comprehensive software or by installing complementary software applications-it called Bolt on systems (from 3rd party software company). In addition to the issues that relate to change management, the legacy systems still maintained by many large organizations such as ALDI for some specific applications, along with the ERP system, are posing further challenges for the business processes. ALDI have been successful in capitalizing on enterprise systems are striving to continuously improve their business processes and the fit between processes and information systems, and how they support their business needs and models. The Database Management Systems (DBMS) and Strategy The database for Aldi, why we need it and its used for? Why is it important for an organisation or to ALDI? From the research that I have been through and found the most common uses for databases and the deep impact for the Aldi or any organisations. Storing Information Data Modelling is to control and manage large volumes of data. Database is a kind of program that enables the user to store information. A database system provides electronic and easy to insert, update, retrieve and store information. In order to avoid of duplication and reduce data redundancy, in DBMS the feature embedded and is called Normalisation. Multiple Users Access The super power in database technology allows multiple access and update information and to be instantly viewable by all users. It is improve communication internally and externally but also ensures the server distribute equally with load balancer via (file, print, database and application server) Application Server DATABASE SERVER http://www.petervaldivia.com/technology/networks/image/client-server.gif Data dictionary Organisational Structure Log Files Master Data Programs Transaction Data Please see above the Tiered of Configurations and the Layer of Database Security and Protection Database security indicates the system, processes, and procedures that defend a database from illegal activity. DBMSs frequently impose security through access control (manages who can connect to the database via authentication and what they can do via authorization), auditing (records information about database activity. Encryption (protects data at the lowest possible level by storing and possibly transmitting data in an unreadable form. The DBMS encrypts data when it is added to the database and decrypts it when returning query results). Centralization of Database Centralised database, information congregation and distribution ensuring reliability of data across the region and producing economies of scale. The centralisation of database is to ease maintaining accurately updated of data that easily accessed to DBMS via File Sharing and Networking tools. Maintenance Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) feature maintenance tools to easily maintain, test, repair and back up the databases housed in the system. Enable to access to Web The new technology of data storage and retrieval via XML with connected with DBMS, where the ability to access information any part of world. Cut Down On Staff A database that is used efficiently will lessen the need for extra man power to maintain the system. Although, the DBMS can account for an initial investment, it will more than pay for itself after long-term active use. Reduces Data Duplications Object Linking and Embedding, Database (OLE DB) uses the Component Object Model (COM) which reduces unnecessary duplication of data at high level degree, not only among diverse information sources but also among existing database. Money, Money, Money: When choosing a database, one of your first decisions is going to be about money. How much are you willing to spend for your database? Free databases exist, but remember the maxim: software isnt free, you are. In this context, if you get a free database package, it will be up to you to install, configure and administer it. Tech target.com Queries The tremendous of DBMS is Queries, tool embedded in system enable the database administrator to retrieve information and present in a predefined format. There are number of database management system available in today informative world, such as SQL Structured Query Language (SQL). SQL is computer language for designing and manipulating database systems. The SQL work database programs like MS Acesss, Oracle, Sybase, etc Example of SQL to control user with DCL: The Data Control Language (DCL) authorizes users and groups of users to access and manipulate data. Example: GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON My_table TO some_user, another_user; REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON My_table FROM some_user, another_user; Barriers of Implementation of Enterprise System in ALDI Cost and Financial barriers Financial barriers should in fact be the biggest barrier. The implementation of ES to millions, tens of millions, for small and medium enterprises, and ultimately to create value or by products, ES, at best, is an information platform. ES in the short term, apart from helping to cultivate and to help staff the concept, the negative returns. As for the long-term interests, for the efficiency gains and cost reduction, but also fundamentally corporate will produce fundamental changes in the structure of the self-optimization path. Another significant of implementing is the initial setup and preliminary expenses time and the cost through with adaptation, adjustments and training. For a business that only receives one P.O. per year from a client, fully integrated CRM, MPR and EDI may not make economic scale. In this case, businesses may implement inexpensive solutions. For other businesses, the implementation of an integrated ES solution may be necessary as increases in trading volumes brought on by EDI force them to re-implement their order processing business processes. Tools Many ES initiatives have failed because the tools werent available enough to end users so the ES (e-commerce, DW and a complex of business intelligence system), capabilities were never really applied. Users regularly used the DBMS system to pull data from the warehouse and import it into Excel, bypassing the systems analytic capabilities that, to them, seemed overly complex or not very useful. Despite this fact, we can see the complexity of systems and all about the related to financial matter to buy hardware and developing a complex programming (Java, Delphi, Pearl and C ++) and end with re-engineering of ES if the current system not useful for management and users. People People who have the information, industry skill, and objective to succeed are sometimes unenthusiastic to embrace new technologies. This can be internal or external of people, when implementing advance ES, an organisation should value and estimate the level of education and culture with the current location. There are several factors: Employee are comfy and secure with the expertise of current factors The leadership issue, the senior management will have to look hard to find a business minded leader (project manager) wise and technology savvy leader. Such people are scarce. Management must choose that person carefully in order to complete tasks according to get the most productive and efficient leader for the organisation to maximise the use of the system. Inadequately information is communicated about the technology that is being adopted and deployed; Lack of training and empowerment between management and staffs Without proper hiring of staff or human resources it is consider as one of the Information System (IS) barriers with the implementation for they are the one who gives the specifications, requirements and standard that help to develop and improve the functionalities of any business organization. Communication also adds up to impediments of technology, every staff member and manager must work together as a team to be able to be successful in achieving one goal. Unskilled staff The system must be prolong and supervise from time to time and the staff who will handle the operation must be well trained and have a capability on maintaining the system. By unskilled staff inside the organization will add up to the barriers to the realization of the system. Technical Problems: IT Infrastructure Deficient of a sharing, reliable computing and network infrastructure to address the needed teamwork for the implementation. When an organisation deficient an IT infrastructure there will be a complexity in operating technology supported programs with consistency from one office to the other or building to building. It also slows and complicates communication among the organization or others. Unworkable time frames Most information systems take considerably longer than initially planned. The timing issue delay and attempt to serious technical hitches in planning for and regulating to changes in operations. Difficulty of data collection and management Data collection is measured to be the most crucial and tricky part of implementing an Information System (IS) for it is the establishment of the entire system process. Thus, these convey what the system is all about, its capacity and limitations. Conclusion Enterprise systems affect nearly all aspects of organizational life, not only at the point of start-up but also throughout their operational lives. Indeed, an organizations enterprise system affects its need and ability to upgrade or convert to more modern technologies. . In this paper, I have attempted to tackle the pro-innovation bias present in many of the reasons reported for the adoption of ES packages. I have gone through the benefits and barriers that are relating the Enterprise System. The Enterprise System can be a companys best asset when it is used correctly, however if not it will not yield much saving for a company. It is best suitable for the large organisation such as ALDI. My overall research does not recommend that a company blindly put in place Enterprise System without proper knowledge, research, technique, methodologies and analysis for a term of modernisation. Nevertheless, for that reason, the analysis with SSM and Enterprise System life cycle playing significant roles of the developing integrated business intelligence system. Overall, new organisational structure need challenge to new Globalisation Information Systems (GIS) to centralised on establishing data communication, IT infrastructure, e-business and DBMS to positing of the global organisation in the international economy.