United States Involvement in The Second World War (WWII) Essay

World War II      As extremist satiates rose into power, the United States engaged with World War II to help control these gatherings and to advance majority rules system in the European performance center of the world. The gathering with the most force at the time was the Nazi Party, drove by Adolf Hitler. This communist gathering was driven by an amazing despot who split away from the League of Nations and started to vanquish immense measures of an area at a quick rate. The United States needed to disregard outside issues in dread of a whole new universal war. The United States couldn't maintain a strategic distance from the reality Hitler was assuming control over Europe and help was required. The United States turned out to be completely engaged with the European auditorium of World War II when Hitler drove his armed forces on a progression of blitzkrieg’s, assuming control over Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Holland, northern France, and by breaking the Nazi-Soviet agreement.      The United States, under the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, needed to stay unbiased and needed to avoid outside undertakings. Individuals like Lindbergh emphatically restricted any guide to remote undertakings, however Roosevelt felt American security and Democracy was in danger if no assistance was given. As Hitler started his battles in Europe, particularly in Poland, the United States sent guide to France and Britain to oppose the Nazi’s. Germany crushed Poland and effectively took over more vulnerable nations, at times without Keith 2 discharging a solitary shot as in Czechoslovakia. The United States remained...

Of Mice and Man Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Of Mice and Man Argumentative Essay All the more then only a narrator, John Steinbeck was a social pundit. His epic Of Mice and Men manages numerous topics that mirror the time wherein he lived and in which he composed. One of the numerous subjects in the novel is depression. Evildoers, the dark helper, is in every case desolate. George and Lennie travel together and they are rarely forlorn. Curleys spouse additionally experienced dejection in the novel. In spite of the fact that Crooks is a decent individual he is isolated from different men on the farm due to his shading .Crooks shading isolates him into dozing into the horse shelter. Be that as it may, the men would prefer not to him in any event, when he is outside of the animal dwellingplace. Law breakers is in this manner desolate constantly. He has dreams and wishes like the entirety of different men. He has numerous likenesses to them that he will never think about in light of the seperation. Be that as it may, he is kept down by his shading. It is clear that Crooks is desolate on the grounds that he infrequently finds the opportunity to talk with different men. While Crooks was addressing Lennie he stated, Its simply the talking. Its only bein with another person. That is all Steinbeck 71. This shows how Crooks might want to have someone whom he could address. The dejection wherein Crooks faces makes him put on a show of being an irate, harsh man. Whenever he finds the opportunity to talk with Lennie it is clear that Crooks demeanor is the impact of his forlornness. Criminals is now and then ready to escape from the depression briefly by understanding books. The book in any case, will in the end reach and end and his depression will return similarly as fast. George and Lennie are altogether different from different men on the farm. Most if not the entirety of different men had no one to rely upon. George had Lennie there for help and to stay with him. Lennie had George there to assist him with avoiding inconvenience, if conceivable. Lennie and George did numerous things together. The men on the farm were not used to seeing this kind of association between individuals. In this manner, promptly the men accepted that George and Lennie were gay people. This shows individuals on the farm were so used to the dejection in which they were all living in that they didn't perceive a solid kinship. Despite the fact that George and Lennie do have a relationship and are not in every case forlorn there are times in which they do feel desolate. When Lennie is isolated from George he gets away from his forlornness by contacting delicate things. He jumps at the chance to contact delicate things since that causes him to feel comfort which removes the dejection. At the point when George went into town he had a beverage of alcohol to remove his psyche from the dejection he was feeling. George and Lennie were talking about how different men are forlorn and have no family. George at that point stated, With us it aint like that. We got a

The Emancipation Proclamation APUSH Topics to Study for Test Day

Editorial credit: catwalker / Shutterstock.com When reviewing everything about the Civil War, one of the things that you need to review is the Emancipation Proclamation APUSH topics. Here are some things that you should know about it for the exam: What Is the Emancipation Proclamation? The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln, states â€Å"that all persons held as slaves† within the Confederate states â€Å"are, and henceforth shall be free†. When Did the Emancipation Proclamation Take Place? After the Union won the Battle of Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln warned the Confederate states that he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation if they did not surrender and rejoin the Union. They didn’t, and the Emancipation Proclamation went into effect January 1, 1863. Why Is the Emancipation Proclamation Important? One of the biggest drawbacks to the Emancipation Proclamation is that it didn’t actually free any slaves. It only freed slaves in the rebellious states, and Lincoln didn’t have authority over these states. However, some of the positive things that came from the Emancipation Proclamation are: It changed the purpose of the war. Winning the war would become a moral victory, where a new union without slavery could be created. Europeans withdrew their support from the South. The Union could recruit African Americans as Union soldiers. (Many people thought that slaves were supporting the rebellious states in the war by taking care of their .) It became the preliminary step toward the 13th Amendment, which was ratified on December 6, 1865. More African Americans went north in pursuit of their freedom. The People Involved President Abraham Lincoln is the most important person to know in regards to the Emancipation Proclamation. He said, â€Å"If my name ever goes into history, it will be for this act†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Events Surrounding the Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was issued in the 3rd  year of the Civil War. President Lincoln wanted to issue it much sooner, but he was urged to wait until after a big Union victory. Finally, the Battle of Antietam was that victory. Practice APUSH Questions What was the immediate effect of the Emancipation Proclamation? News of the proclamation angered the slave-owning border states, so they joined the Confederacy during the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation  shifted the purpose of the war to the morality of slavery. When Lincoln issues it,  the soldiers’ morale decreased, making it difficult to recruit new soldiers for the war. The Emancipation Proclamation  freed all the slaves in the Northern and Southern states. Answer: 2. After issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, the war was no longer about restoring the Union. Instead, there was a moral war against slavery. People wanted a new Union where slavery did not exist. Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about the Emancipation Proclamation? The Emancipation Proclamation  freed slaves in the rebellious and border states. The Union created African American units in the Army and Navy. Because it was believed that slaves were helping the Confederates, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves. It created a moral cause that the Union army could stand behind. Answer: 1. The Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in the border states;  Lincoln didn’t want to alienate the border states by forcing them to free the slaves that lived there. DBQ Question: In what ways did African Americans shape the Civil War? Essay ideas: Because of  the Emancipation Proclamation, eliminating slavery became the moral objective of the war. African Americans worked to get to the Union states where they enlisted in the army, which tipped the scales for the Union army.

The Causes Of Prejudice By Vincent N. Parrillo - 1209 Words

Human equality has always been an issue in every part of the world. Prejudice, discrimination and stereotypes have been passed on from one generation to the next. The Society has accepted these behaviors to be normal and acceptable. According to the article, â€Å"Causes of Prejudice† by Vincent N. Parrillo, there are two types of prejudice; psychological and sociological. Psychological prejudice focuses on individual behavior, where as sociological is focused more on a group. Psychological Prejudice is based on an individual’s behavior and occurs when an individual thinks and acts certain ways that can positively or negatively affect someone else. I believe that both Causes of prejudice are important, however in my opinion sociological prejudice can harm not just an individual but certain race or group of people. Therefore, sociological prejudice can be very damaging because these are beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generation in a form of a disc rimination, and stereotypical behavior. Discriminating behaviors can affect every single race. However, African Americans have been the targeted group for generations, from slavery to segregation, hatred to racism, and so much more. It all started in 1619, when the first African slaves arrived in Virginia and lived in slavery for over 200 years. In 1865 the 13th Amendment to the constitution was ratified, which prohibited slavery in United States (African-American History Timeline). A great example ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Causes of Prejudice by Vincent N. Parrillo850 Words   |  4 Pages Prejudice is known for negative beliefs and actions upon individuals or even groups of people. In the article, â€Å"Causes of Prejudice† by Vincent N. Parrillo, Parrillo talks about both the psychological and sociological causes of prejudice but in this particular essay we will just be focusing on the former side of the equation. It happens at the cognitive level of prejudice where a person or a group of people believe i n something that is not true. For example, some people say Asian people are notRead MorePrejudice : A Sociological Perspective Of A Person857 Words   |  4 Pagesprejudicial attitudes pass on from one generation to another. The primary cause of prejudice is a sociological perspective of a person under predominance of the socialization process, economic competition, and conforming to social norms. According to â€Å"Causes of Prejudice† by Vincent N. Parrillo, the influence of families or communities could lead a person to develop prejudicial behaviors. Socialization process is a social force that causes prejudicial attitude to develop from one person to another. In socializationRead MoreThe Myth Of The Melting Pot1352 Words   |  6 Pageslot of prejudice between social, religious, and national aspects around the world. Let’s us consider whether or not the melting pot truly works in both countries or if it is just a myth? First of all, let us try to understand what it means to be prejudice. The dictionary defines prejudice as unreasonable feelings, opinions, or attitudes, especially of a hostile nature, regarding an ethnic, racial, social, or religious group. According to the article â€Å"Causes of prejudice† by Vincent N. Parrillo prejudicial

The History Of The Globe Theatre - 1378 Words

Luke Hallfrisch Prof. Rebecca Thornberry Intro to theater October 28, 2016 The History of the Globe Theatre Today we know of The Globe Theatre on because of the famous playwright and director known as William Shakespeare. The events which took place in The Globe’s past and what is its future may be, have become, and will be, an important part of the history of theater and drama. This paper will discuss the history of the Globe theatre, the importance it held at its time, and the importance of The Globe Theater now and in the future. In 1576, during the Elizabethan era, James Burbage and a partner went to a landlord, Giles Allen, to lease some land for a theater. Giles and James agreed to a 21 year lease in which James would be allowed to build his theatre known as â€Å"The Theatre†. It was located north of the London Wall (Mabillard). Starting in 1596, when the lease for the land for the theatre was due to expire, there were many legal issues between the landlord and tenant. There were also disputes between those involved in running the business. James Burbage died in 1567 and he left his two sons, Richard and Cuthbert Burbage, his shares of the theatre.(Globe) The Burbage brothers took an extreme action to protect their assets because, as a result of the dispute, they were facing eviction. The landowner had hoped he would be able to acquire the theater when the tenants left. (Shapiro) In December of 1598 while Giles Allen was away on holiday, the Burbage brothers,Show MoreRelatedEssay on The History an d Present Use of the Globe Theatre552 Words   |  3 Pagessee the beautiful architect in the Globe Theatre? The significance of the Globe theatre is that play rights change how they portrayed the stories to the audience. The Globe Theatres were popular in Shakespearian time and Shakespeare’s plays still occur there every day. The Globe theatre was built in 1599 in Southwark, London. The theatre is a 20 sided circle and 3 stories tall building. The theatre was built out of frame, plaster, bricks, and thatching. The theatre also can hold thousands of peopleRead MoreThe Development And Popularity Of The Elizabethan Theatre1289 Words   |  6 Pages The Development and Popularity of the Elizabethan Theatre I. Introduction Hook: What type of entertainment could have been available in the Elizabethan era without actors or tv? A. Elizabethan Era 1. Forms of Entertainment Elizabethan entertainment was very important to the people, as it gave them a chance to take a break form their hard lives. a. â€Å"Court entertainment was regular, often nightly occurrence combined with feasts, jousts, and banquets often occompainies by music and dancingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Globe Theatre1114 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the Elizabethan Era, The Globe Theatre was a very influential upcoming piece of architecture that even Shakespeare first had his plays performed in. Although it was very difficult to keep the building standing for long, it inspired many new theatre styles and still lives on today in England. The Globe Theatre was extremely influential during the Elizabethan Era because of its long history, unique architecture, and new ways of acting to go along with the new theatre style. Although the majorityRead MoreEssay on The Globe Theatre and The Elizabethan Audience 1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe Globe Theatre The Globe Theatre in London , where William Shakespeares most famous plays premiered; Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, and Twelfth Night, was built in 1599 in Southwark on the south bank of London’s River Thames by Richard Burbage. It was co-owned by Shakespeare, with a share of 12.5%. The Globe was a large, open-aired, three-tiered theater made out of timber taken from the Theatre-– a former theatre owned by Richard Burbage’s father. The Globe Theatre burned to the groundRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era Of Europe1531 Words   |  7 PagesMary Queen of Scots a Catholic. All of these contributed to the amazing theatre during this time, one of the most notable things from this period is its fine arts, with the theater being the one held in the highest esteem. The Elizabethan Renaissance Was best expressed and shown through its theatre. One key factor in theatre during the Elizabethan period is where the plays were actually performed. There were two kinds of theatre during the time period; outdoor/public and indoor/private. Both were openRead More William Shakespeares Globe Theatre Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Globe Theatre      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Globe Theater, an entertainment outlet for all people of that time, provided a place for Shakespeares plays to be performed.   It was the third and most famous playhouse in London.   When it was built, it was one of the most important playhouses in London.   The Globes architecture was intriguing for its time and its life was long and prosperous. The Globe was built by two brothers, Cuthbert and Richard Burbage.   They had inherited the GlobesRead MorePortrayal Of Women During The Elizabethan Period1656 Words   |  7 Pages Women were thought as second-class citizens and were not given a large role in society. Throughout history, women have a limited amount of work they are permitted to do, and are confined to doing housework. The role women had was teaching and taking care of the children at home, cleaning the house, and cooking and having food ready for the husbands when they come home after work. As evidence of characterization of female characters in Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the Elizabethan period hadRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s English Literature Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage. He has been referred to as the England s national poet and the Bard of Avon. He produced over thirty eight plays, hundred fifty four sonnets, five poems, and more verses. Shakespeare s plays consist of mainly tragedies, comedies and histories which are regarded as one of the best in those genres. The plays, the poems, and the sonnets have had a significance influence in English literature. There has been various writers who have been studying Shakespeare’s plays and poems for over 300Read MoreElizabethan Architecture Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagestoday. There are many different types of theater but today Elizabethan theater will be discussed in a brief overview. In this paper, I will cover the history of Elizabethan theater and what it is, the architecture style of Elizabethan theater and the theatrical life and the establishment of permanent theaters. Let’s take a look at some of the history and just what exactly Elizabethan theater really is. Elizabethan theater, â€Å"also known as English theater or English Renaissance theater†, refers toRead MoreBrief Biography of William Shakespeare1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was a very dynamic playwright and writer. He enjoyed history which was shown through his writing. He excelled at writing many kinds of different genres of plays. He especially enjoyed tragedy and history. The reason William Shakespeare remains well known today is because he was a brilliant playwright which was clearly influenced by his childhood and culture. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford, England. On April 23, 1564, he was supposedly

My Story Essay Example For Students

My Story Essay As I begin this assignment, I really dont know what to write. Should I begin with how I was born and rise up in a country that is far away from American? Maybe talking a little bit about my background will help my classmates get to know who I am, and that is the least thing I can do now. I was born in Saigon City, Vietnam, a country located in Southeast Asia, within a big family. My parents have five elder brothers, two sisters before they have me. I had problems after my birth; a little disorder (nothing serious) in my brain caused me some troubles and worry to my parents. It took three years to be cured through continuos visit to my doctor in Saigon City. Those days were really difficult not only for my parents and me, but also for the whole family too because I was submitted to terrible exams according to my age. My family thought that I wouldnt be able to grow up like other normal kids. However, with the praise of every member in my family, I was healthy after all. By the time I was ready for kindergarten, my two elder brothers allowed to come to the United States to study aboard. This was a big change in my family because my parent wanted to save money for my brothers education. Therefore, they sold our house and asked my two elders sister to help them with our family business instead of going to college. The clearest thing I remember about this issue was my sisters not happy with this decision. However, in my country, the idea of women with high education isnt expected as compare to men. Therefore, I think it is the tradition that effects my parent to decide this way. As for me, I continue to grow through school and the love of my parent. In the school I spent wonderful times with my friends. I used to participate with my group in moms day every year dancing. At the same time, I also started to go to my ballet classes. First my mother sent me because she wanted, and when she decided to put me out of my classes I asked her not to do that. Acco rding to my mother, I quit everything to go to my ballet classes, and never I refused to go. I studied seventh to twelfth grades in the Tan Hoa School. It is an all girl school, and I recall those moments as if it were yesterday. In this school I can say that I made real friends. We were only twenty in my class so we were like a big group of friends. Since we were so little, we all knew what was happening in everybodys life. We did all kind of fun things, all types of mischief. We laughed, cried, fought, and made peace. Being among a lot of girls, I must admit, can get to be quit complicated. However, I wouldnt change one day or any of my friends for anything in the world. It is great to know you have people you can count on always. Sadly this time passed very quickly and before we knew it we were on our graduation to different colleges. I was lucky enough that my parent let me to come to the United State to study. Perhaps I have to thank my two sisters who are not allowed to go to college, now that my parent want to make up for them by sending me to study college aboard. By doing this, I think they show them that they arent favored their sons over daughters. Another reason, maybe Im the youngest in the family and bad thing happened to me when I was born. I dont know what is the real reason but I am thankful my parent for giving me this opportunity. As soon as I come here, I start by taking English course. I had a wonderful time, but at the beginning was really hard. This was the first time I lived alone, the first time I cooked, the first time I went to the bank myself, the first time I had to do everything by myself. It was hard for me to realize that I was alone and far from my real home, but with the time I got used to my new situation. .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 , .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .postImageUrl , .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 , .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:hover , .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:visited , .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:active { border:0!important; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:active , .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559 .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88440f8c22cee7746abde773ee44c559:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Confucianism And Christianity EssayDuring this four year of college, I met people from all around the world. I learn from them customs, typical things, and food of their home country, so beside learning technical stuff my culture grew. And what at first seemed to be terrible became a complete experience and maturation. I became a different person with new point of view, broadminded, and more independent. I always will thank my parents for this wonderful experience they gave me, and the upbringing they are giving me.

Stakeholders for Toyota

Introduction Toyota is the largest automobile manufacturer in the world. The main target market of the company is the middle class. The company has several brands that are popular due to their prices and quality. However, due to quality concerns, recalls of automobiles threaten to tarnish the image and reputation of the company.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stakeholders for Toyota specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This necessitated the company to develop an efficient crisis public relations strategy to prevent the tarnishing of its image. Crisis PR addresses the needs of the stakeholders and averts the looming problem. The success of crisis PR was highly dependent on the ability of the company to address the needs of the stakeholders using proper communication channels. Failure to use efficient crisis PR would make other automobile manufacturers take advantage of the crisis in Toyota to develop strateg ies that would improve their competitiveness. Stakeholder Needs For an organization to respond effectively to a crisis, it should understand its image and reputation. In addition, the company must know the impact the crisis will have on its activities. Efficient crisis PR necessitates a company to address the specific needs of each stakeholder. Efficient response to the crisis will enable the stakeholders to uphold the positive image, identity and reputation of the company (Seitel, 2011). In Toyota’s case, the company had to address the needs of their customers and employees to prevent future occurrence of the problem. Safety and comfort were the major quality concerns of the customers. Therefore, it was vital for the crisis PR to address these issues. Toyota developed the Collaborative Safety Research Center (CSRC). CSRC helped in improving the safety of cars and reducing the number of fatalities on North American roads. CSRC pays special attention to certain vulnerable popu lations. These include children, teens and seniors (Toyota, 2012). CSRC has partnerships with various leading academic and research institutions. These partnerships help in developing projects that can improve the safety of Toyota’s customers.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Partnerships and collaborations with leading academic and research institutions ensure customers that the company is seeking help from the best available sources. This would greatly improve the confidence that customers have in Toyota’s products. Currently, there are more than seven projects with the academic and research institutions that strive to improve automotive safety. CSRC has improved the customers’ perception of the company. It assured the customers that the company puts their interests at heart. Social media is one of the most recent technological advances that companies striving to be market leaders should embrace. Companies may use social media for a variety of purposes. These include marketing and survey. Social media is a critical PR tool that companies may use to repair their image and reputation. Toyota used social media as a PR tool for repairing its image and reputation. Toyota’s customers in the US have direct access to the US CEO via Digg. This allowed the customers to pose questions to the CEO, which the CEO answered promptly (Buley Elliott, 2010). Direct access to the US CEO showed that the company cared about the issues of the customers. The crisis appeared due to the recall of millions of vehicles necessitated Toyota to address the concerns of their employees. The company incorporated all employees in addressing issues of quality regardless of their rank. The employees helped in addressing quality concerns of the company’s products. Toyota ensures that it trains employees on its production system. The Toyota pr oduction system leads to the production of high quality vehicles at a rapid rate. Toyota retrains employees who cannot complete their scheduled work in the production cycle. The company had to address the quality concerns with employees since they were the source of the errors. Therefore, employees are the only people who may help in correcting the faults (Spears Bowen, 1999). Employees have a clear understanding of the production system.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Stakeholders for Toyota specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Toyota addressed the concerns of its employees to ensure that it solved the crisis effectively and prevented future occurrences of the problem. Toyota employees provided clarification on the quality concerns regarding various automobiles. This led to the development of a fast response to address the quality concerns. Toyota responded quickly to the quality concerns of i ts automobiles by recalling millions of automobiles. Shortcomings and Recommendations During the recall, Toyota requested its customers to return their vehicles. The company collaborated with dealers in collecting the vehicles. The company returned the vehicles to the manufacturing plants. This enabled the company to repair the defects in the vehicles. However, the company delayed returning the vehicles to its customers by several weeks. This led to further complaints from the customers. Failure to return the vehicles in time exacerbated the problem that the company faced. It led to further damage of the image and reputation of the company. Delays led to great losses to customers who depended on the vehicles for their daily operations. This necessitated the company to formulate strategies that would help in dealing with the problem created due to the delays. Therefore, the company should have handled this situation in a better manner. Returning the vehicles to the customers promptly after the repairs would have reduced the damage of the image and reputation of the company. Toyota had to repair its image due to the recalls. If Toyota produced high quality vehicles, it would have recalled the vehicles. Therefore, this case shows that Toyota should have ensured that its products are of high quality. This would have guaranteed the market leadership of the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Concept Plan The concept plan provides an illustration of how Toyota handled the crisis due to the massive recall of vehicles using PR. The company targeted customers and employees to repair its image and reputation. Conclusion The massive recall of vehicles due to quality concerns threatened to damage the image and reputation of Toyota. This necessitated the company to use efficient crisis PR strategies to repair its image and reputation. The company had to address the needs of its major stakeholders. These stakeholders included employees and customers. The company collaborated with employees in identifying how to address the quality concerns. In addition, the company provided support to customers to ensure that they maintain their trust in the company’s vehicles. Toyota used social media to address concerns of the customers. Customers could pose questions to the US CEO directly via Digg (Buley Elliott, 2010). Direct access to the most senior executive of the company made customers feel that the company had their issues at heart. One of the major shortcomings of the company is the fact that it delayed in returning the vehicles to its customers. This aggravated customers’ discontent. Toyota’s case is a clear illustration of how companies may use PR to repair their damaged image and reputation. References Buley, T. Elliott, H. (2010, Feb 5). Toyota speaks on Digg. Forbes. Web. Seitel, F.P. (2011). The practice of public relations (11th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Spear, S. Bowen, H.K. (1999). Decoding the DNA of Toyota production system. Harvard Business Review, 77(5), 97-106. Toyota. (2012). Our business. Our history. Web. This research paper on Stakeholders for Toyota was written and submitted by user Paige Key to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

China and the Hundred Days of Reform essays

China and the Hundred Days of Reform essays 1.) There have been numerous attempts to reform China in the late 19th century to build up China's strength and make it a world power once again. There have been many prestigious intellectuals and organizations that have attempted to do this. One of these intellectuals who had a great influence on other reformers was Yan Fu. Yan presented his ideas many people throughout China through his series of reform essays. Yan spoke of the foreign powers that invaded China and were controlling and changing the traditional Chinese way of life. Yan said that these changes to China were quite unfortunate but to cope with them and possibly overcome them, China must reform and modernize. This meant that China must learn from the westerners and borrow their ideas. Unfortunately, Yan was not much of an activist but Kang Youwei was. Kang and his colleagues, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao spread their ideas of reform through study groups and journalism. These reformers wanted to make China modern without losing Chinese traditional culture. This meant as Yan said borrowing from abroad not only technology but from institutions and ideas as well. They wanted to change China from a monarchy to a republic. During the "Hundred Days of Reform," Kang and his followers, with the support of Emperor Guangxu, preached their ideas of reforming the examination system, remodeling the bureaucracy, and the modernization of China. Many of these reforms were implemented throughout Hunan. Just as Kang's efforts were beginning to pay off, reports of Kang influencing the emperor in an extremist manner were presented to the people of China. This only fueled the fire for the already present opposition to the emperor. This also paved the way for Empress Dowager to take over the throne. The emperor was put on house arrest for the remainder of his reign for conspiring with extremists. Empress Dowager sent all of the reform intellectuals into exile and Kang fled to Japan where he c...

Baron in the Trees Analysis

Baron of the tree is a wonderful short story by Italo Calvino. This is a young baroness about 12 years old living in Umbrossa town. One night, Cosimo decided not to eat the nasty snail plate that his sister made that night, so he went to the Great Holm's oak tree in his garden and never got down. . Cosimo can still be a baron and live an adventurous life all day. When they came to Italy to fight Austrians, he was able to help the Napoleonic army, protect the town from pirates, and build a system to irrigate to stop summer firefires. Calvino's most famous book may be an invisible city and cosmology. Both are wonderful, but according to my taste, the best works of Calvino are trilogy with coat of arms, baron of tree, descenders of crow, and no. Knight of existence. My favorite is a baron on a tree, running on a tree and telling a young baron living his life. However, it is only over 200 pages. Therefore, I will name a nonexistent knight, this is a novel about cry, a real knight, and he is summoned to Charlemagne's good faith and faith to the sacred cause. As a bonus, most versions include a similarly good short story for the 17th century visitors The Cloven Viscount. Ding, Ding! Let's say that the author should be judged by his five best books and five best books. In the case of Calvino, they are supposed to be a baron of trees, perfect cosmology, a non-existent knight, and Viscounts of Cloven, invisible streets, and Markovado. According to this standard, William Maxwell and Tolstoy are also strong competitors, but he seems difficult to become a top team. In a recent speech at Missouri State University you have commented that you like physical books that are better than the screen and Kindle is not very appealing for you. You mentioned that as well - I must admit that I did not accept this - your human soul as a Rube Goldberg device: choice of your own adventure story Hold a hidden page only when reading the story before. Did you consider the physical nature of t he text when you write or complete the book?

Should the UK withdraw from the European Convention on human rights Essay

Should the UK withdraw from the European Convention on human rights - Essay Example Sovereignty of the parliament dictates that the parliament has the sole discretion to make and amend laws in the UK. No person or body is recognized by the UK legislation to overrule the law made by the parliament. In this spirit the parliament is seen to be competent to make any laws. Laws that deprive the citizens of their right to property, liberty, voting, and life among others should be seen as valid so long as they have been passed by the parliament. This is done in faith that the parliament can exercise self restraint and only pass laws that are at par with the moral standards. However, this has not been the case always because some politicians have normally put their own selfish interests at the cost of national interests. The ECHR being an international body helps to regulate such offensive or repugnant laws. The citizens of Britain should advocate against their government withdrawal from the convention. This is for the benefit of regulation of the laws that the parliament may pass. The Human Rights Act of 1998 and its Problems The human rights act of 1998 was drafted on the principle of protection of human rights but reconciled with the sovereignty of the state (UK Government, 2012). Under this act, the parliament may make legislations and the courts may not necessarily quash them on the grounds of inconsistency with the European Convention on human rights. In fact, it is only the higher courts that should interpret the legislations and determine their inconsistency. The higher courts may only declare incompatibility where it is very clear. This act was put forward in order to ensure parliamentary sovereignty. ... an Rights Act of 1998 and its Problems The human rights act of 1998 was drafted on the principle of protection of human rights but reconciled with the sovereignty of the state (UK Government, 2012). Under this act, the parliament may make legislations and the courts may not necessarily quash them on the grounds of inconsistency with the European Convention on human rights. In fact, it is only the higher courts that should interpret the legislations and determine their inconsistency. The higher courts may only declare incompatibility where it is very clear. This act was put forward in order to ensure parliamentary sovereignty. However, the enactment of the act has transformed the constitutional environment in which the parliament’s legislative power exists; the legislative powers have been altered. Three features of the act pose problems to its enactment and goes against the ECHR. The first problem is that the act places the power to interpret whether the acts are consistent wi th convention rights in the hands of the judiciary. This greatly alters the process of interpretation of the legislation. This has two implications; it is rare for legislation properly interpreted to go against the human rights norms. The parliament will always use a clearer and precise language if it wishes to abrogate human rights. The use of clear language draws the attention of public and the parliament. The government may put a strong justification of the legislation to win the public support. This legislation may be infringing on the rights of the people but it may escape the eyes of the judiciary which has been given the ultimate power to determine its compatibility with the rights convention (Elliot, 2002). The second problem is that the minister in-charge of the bill should make a

Early Childhood Learning Through Songs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Early Childhood Learning Through Songs - Essay Example Their understanding grows as they grow because as an infant, they can only learn through senses and as they grow they begin to learn how to reason and think differently. Young children learn better when given examples that relate to them. Age is a determining factor when learning because children understand differently depending on how old they are (MacBlain, 2014). As children grow, they reach an age whereby they have to start attending school and learn more. Most children enjoy learning songs because they are fun and usually easy. A child is more likely to remember something they learned through a song than something they were taught through simple verbal communication. They are moreover more liable to remember something they were taught through a story or a game. This is because, at their young age, they can only reason and think to a certain level (Ostroff, 2012). Children are taught different things at different stages of their academic life. Some of the things they learn as beginners are how to write their names, letters and sounds, shapes, numbers and simple songs. Songs are a good way to learn since most of the children’s songs have simple actions that go with them. Children love singing along to songs and listening or watching kid’s songs. There are different strategies that can be used in helping dual language children learn the name of shapes through songs (Priddy, 2011). One of the strategies is creating a welcoming environment in the classroom and playing area. These may include pictures, posters and books that have children’s languages and cultures. The second strategy may be inquiring from the child’s family about their interests in order to incorporate them into the learning. The third strategy is providing opportunities for the children to share stories and information in English.

The Recovery Rate Of The Male Is Significantly Faster Thna The Female :: essays research papers

THE RECOVERY RATE OF THE MALE IS SIGNIFICANTLY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FASTER THAN THAT OF THE FEMALE.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This experiment is designed to test whether or not gender is a major contributing factor to the recovery heart rate in humans. Most would assume that the male heart rate would be considerably faster in recovery time than that of the female. This experiment furthers that assumption by eliminating uncontrolled variables such as age, build, and health conditions. Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The male human has always had certain physical advantages over the female human such as increased muscle mass, larger bones, and superb aggressiveness in times where deemed necessary. But is recovery rate (or, how long it takes for the heart rate to return to its resting rate) an advantage possessed by males also? The question posed in this experiment is whether or not the heart rate of the male will recover faster than that of a female. The hypothesis tested was that the male's heart rate would fall considerably faster than the female's after one minute of intense physical activity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is known already that males dominate females in the physical world in most cases. Males have much larger natural muscle mass, less body fat, and a physique that is designed for superiority in the physical world. Therefore it can only be assumed that the most important muscle of all (the heart) would also be superior in its performance. Mariotti 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors can influence the results of testing this hypothesis. All variables have been controlled except for the variable gender. Both the male and female subjects are close in age (< two years difference), both are nonsmokers, both possess small body builds for their respective gender, and both have no debilitating medical conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart condition). Controlling these factors allowed for the testing of the hypothesis, which is focused strictly on gender. Materials and Methods:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The materials used: one wristwatch (with second hand), two variably indifferent humans (one male, one female), and a standard staircase at CCC. The method was simple: two test subjects were exposed to two trials involving one minute of physical activity and x minutes needed for the recovery of the heart rate. Before the experiment began, each subject's resting heart rate was taken. This would become the controlled variable. Next, each subject ran up one set of stairs at CCC, one stair at a time, for one minute. After one minute of activity, the subjects stopped and began taking his or her heart rate.

World Wrestling Entertainment

WWE, Inc. The WWE is not just the biggest wrestling company in the United States, but it is also the biggest in the world. The company has gone about this by spreading the WWE name and logo all over the world through international expansion. The expansion of the WWE product into overseas market was more of a necessity considering the current situation of the wrestling industry in the United States. Linda McMahon, CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. outlined her reasoning behind the push to expand globally in a press conference held on August 23, 2004.The main reason being an increased demand for the WWE product abroad, as well as impressive attendance numbers when events were held internationally. Additionally, attendance at live events or house shows, were very low. Linda McMahon said that by providing more shows overseas to fans that normally do not have the chance to see the WWE live, they will be satisfying a need as well as covering for a declining market in the United St ates (wwecorporate. com 2011). Due to the increase in live events overseas, the WWE also hired more international staff members in order to handle and continue the expansion.Another aspect that helped the WWE expansion internationally is their television presence in many countries. On their corporate website, the WWE lists thirteen countries in which they have television deals. Included are the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Mexico, and others. Obviously, this is important because their push to increase live events overseas would not be successful if they did not have television deals in place. Otherwise, the people in these international markets would have no clue as to who the wrestlers are and no reason to want to pay money to see them live or purchase WWE products.The WWE also has licensing agreements with about 75 licensees worldwide. The licenses use the WWE logo and its trademarked wrestling characters on all types of products and merchandise. This licensing program has expan ded internationally to include the United Kingdom, Italy, India, Japan, South Africa, and Australia. (www. wwe,inc. com) World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. used horizontal integration in 2004 with the purchase of their rival, World Championship Wrestling. With the acquisition of World Championship Wrestling, it allowed World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. o be the only major wrestling company in North America. WWE had monopolized the wrestling industry. With World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. as the only big name in town, the wrestlers were in an awkward position. If the wrestlers were let go by the WWE or had a dispute with management over their contracts, their only alternatives would be to work for a much smaller company that could not match the kind of wages the WWE offered, or to find a new line of work. WWE Superstars do not have a union to represent them.The biggest asset in the acquisition of World Championship Wrestling wasn’t the company and all intellectual proper ty that went with it; rather it was the video tape library it possessed. The WWE went on to acquire the video tape libraries of other defunct promotions like the AWA, ECW, and Jim Crockett Promotions. Collecting a majority of the wrestling video tape library in existence gave the WWE a competitive advantage. Linda McMahon has publicly said that the video library â€Å"is a leading growth project for the company†.The library of video footage allowed them to test the waters of an on demand channel featuring all of the classic material. At her press conference on August 23, 2004, Linda McMahon said that the WWE 24/7 On Demand service is being counted on to provide the company a strong source of revenue in the future . The exciting news for fans of the WWE is that they have so much footage that only a portion of what they have now has been digitalized (November 4, 2010 – World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc). When Vince McMahon and Linda McMahon decided to buy out all other wrestling corporations they united the sport under their own belt and logo and gained all monetary compensations. When Linda McMahon decided to start WWE On Demand 24/7, the WWE, Inc. struck gold by making wrestling able to be seen overseas via cable networks. This globalized the following of WWE fans. Now merchandise created through the many forms such as music, merchandise, movies, pay per views and live events, and video tapes or DVDs could be sold anywhere in the world and be profited from WWE, Inc. , their suppliers, creators and merchandisers.WWE can have a show in any of these countries and have a sold out venue and also be welcomed into these poorer countries with open arms because of the job availability WWE created for them. WWE also sent venues overseas to support our troops, who were serving in the Iraq war, and this also established an emotional empathy type connection with some of WWE’s followers. Because the WWE, Inc. is such a huge corporate conglomerate it is made up of an extensive board of directors and an independent audit committee. Vincent Kennedy McMahon is the Chairman and the CEO of the WWE, Inc. The board is consists of mutual family members and loyal friends.George Barrios is the Chief Financial Officer and oversees the WWE’s financial, accounting and investor relations, strategies and their activities. Jim Connelly is the Senior Vice President of Consumer Products and oversees the WWE’s global licensing, home entertainment and book and magazine publishing’s. Kevin Dunn is the Executive Vice president of television productions and manages a state of the art television studio with 140 wrestlers and he also sits on the Board of Directors. Donna Goldsmith is the Chief Operating Officer, sits on the Board of Directors and is part of the Chief Executive Committee for the WWE.Brian Kalinowski is the Executive Vice President of all global digital media initiatives through web and mobile interactive technologies, content production and electronic commerce. John Laurinitis is Executive Vice President of talent relations and promotes all wrestlers appearances outside the venues. Stephanie McMahon is the Executive Vice President of Creative Development and Operations. Stephanie McMahon oversees the creative process for all television and pay per views as well as directing and producing WWE televised live events.Stephanie also oversees all aspects of other talent management, branding, booking live events, and marketing for the WWE, Inc. Stephanie McMahon is also the daughter of CEO and Chairman, Vince McMahon, and has been raised in this industry, including having her own wrestling persona. Andrew Whitaker is the Executive Vice President, International. Andrew is responsible for determining the strategic direction and revenues for the WWE, Inc. outside of the United States for all business units. Michelle D. Wilson is the Executive Vice President of Marketing and Integrated Brand Initiatives.Mic helle oversees the strategies and financing for pay per views, advertising, promotions for the WWE and its wrestlers, research and demography for the company to keep it innovative, all creative services deemed needed for the company to flourish, and maintains and scripts all public and government relations. Michelle also oversees the WWE’s integrated sales and sponsorship business (WWE,Inc Corporate. com). All of these people are the geniuses behind the success of this company. Without any one of them the company would struggle in that field. These people have served on this committee throughout the lifespan of the WWE.There are so many Vice Presidents and departments because the WWE is a national and international success with their hands in every means of entertainment, merchandising and promotions that are possible. Because each of these members has their own stakes in the business and independent audit committee of the board of directors is required to make sure that ever ything is running smoothly and within a budget. The independent audit committee consists of at least three directors. These directors can have no ties, directly or indirectly, with any board member, family member, worker, or wrestling persona of the WWE, Inc. o ensure that everything is maintained fairly and unprejudiced. With the auditors having no gain or stock in the WWE all audits are accurate and financially sound statements. The audit committee assists the board in overseeing: * The accounting and financial reporting practices of the WWE, Inc. * The audits of the WWE’s financial statements including the WWE’s internal controls and internal auditing functions * The reality and accuracy of the financial statements put out from the WWE, Inc. * The WWE’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements (www. wwe,inc. om) The WWE’s system of their disclosure controls and system of internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance and the ethics that the management and Board of Directors have established within the company. This company promotes corporate citizenship through many means but choose to call it corporate social responsibility instead. â€Å"WWE has a strong philosophy to give back to the communities and lives that we touch. † (WWE, Inc. corporate website page) The WWE carries its corporate citizenship or responsibilities by having a PG rating on all shows and at all venues to promote a family orientated atmosphere for all ages.WWE also is host to numerous charities and programs, such as literary programs to help children read, WWE in Your Corner, and WWE also contributes to the military members by hosting shows here and overseas to military members serving our country. WWE also implements types of programs for helping retired, current or want to be wrestlers. It seems here that the WWE does try to uphold laws and contributes back to everyone in one form or another. The WWE is so extensive that it is its own United States citizen and has even had members run for senate, like Linda McMahon, and governor, Jesse â€Å"The Body† Ventura.Some win, some lose, no different than when a wrestler enters the ring or the WWE trying its hand in the restaurant industry. Linda McMahon stepped down as CEO of the WWE, Inc. on September 16, 2009. Linda McMahon officially announced her candidacy to run for the United States Senate for Connecticut. During this time others in office put the WWE, Inc. in the spotlight for political tirades against Mrs. McMahon and her qualifications. The WWE headquarters is based out of Stamford, Connecticut and this is also where the McMahons live. On November 1, 2010, President Obama and his wife Michelle visited Stamford, Connecticut and Mrs.Obama paid a visit to the WWE headquarters. After the President left the WWE, Inc. was told they were under investigation for distributing merchandise near select polling locations. The Secretary of State for Connec ticut, Susan Bysiewcz, stated that if anyone turned out to the polls wearing any type of WWE merchandise, including a simple wrist band that the voters would be told to either remove it, cover it up or to go home and change and come back. The WWE, Inc. took this to federal court and won because there is no law on what attire a voter should wear to vote. (Time Magazine, November 2010).On November 8, 2010 Linda McMahon lost to Richard Blumenthal and says she feels that there was corruption in the way the polls were run. Linda McMahon contributed fifty million dollars to her own campaign in the senate race. Linda McMahon is not going to return to her position of CEO at WWE, Inc. but plans on running again for a political party in the future. With Linda not returning to WWE, Inc. this leaves Vince McMahon as the chairman and now the CEO of WWE, Inc. The community that surrounds WWE, Inc. stands behind the WWE for the majority being that the McMahons contributes too many charitable facto rs in the community.With the President and his wife visiting Stamford it opened up many economical doors in the community promoting tourism and the trickle effects from the tourism and notoriety of the situation. No matter what changes the United States goes through in our economy WWE, Inc. still sells out every wrestling venue and almost all merchandise with their logo on it is a top seller and carries high demand for the public. Vince McMahon has received deals with people like Walt Disney to lease his wrestlers, like Duane â€Å"The Rock† Johnson, to star in their movies.Billions of people worldwide have an avid and loyal following of the WWE. The WWE has reached many countries outside the United States through television airing and internet access. Once again WWE is sending a wrestling venue for Christmas to our troops to show their dedication and gratitude to the men and women serving our country. â€Å"This will be the first Christmas though that the WWE will take it t o the troops in the United States instead of flying to Iraq (www. wrestlezone. com)†. WWE, Inc. has gotten the four factors of the marketing mix down to a science and the right marketing team behind them to do so effectively.The market researchers for WWE seem to be highly into utilizing environmental scanning as well. The marketing researchers have studied all the factors, such as global, technological, social cultural, and economic. WWE, Inc. really has no competitive factors to study at the moment, because there is no other competition right now; therefore, WWE dominates the industry. It seems everything that the WWE has its logo on is in mass market production throughout the world. The WWE may have started out as niche marketing but it quickly grew into a mass frenzy. The WWE logo and name brand is now worldwide.Vince McMahon and his marketing research team are genius. They have definitely done their market segmentations to a science and have even made merchandise availabl e for the poor to be able to purchase their products. The demographic segmentation is analyzed before the WWE even enters an agreement to bring their show to that arena. Everywhere they have a show it is a sellout every time. With the WWE, Inc. branching into television, music, movie theaters, magazines, clothing, internet, and other merchandise they have extensively covered every means of technology to appeal to audiences and consumers.World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. is committed to conducting its business fairly, honestly and in accordance with law. All officers, directors and other employees (collectively, including outside directors in their capacity as WWE directors, referred to herein as â€Å"employees†) should read this Code of Business Conduct carefully. This Code is not meant to be all inclusive, and in many cases, employees will be required to sign additional acknowledgement forms that they have read and understand various Company policies. www. wwe,inc. com) W WE, Inc is more extensive than what I thought it would be. This corporation is a citizen in itself that started as a small business and evolved into a worldwide corporation. I do not think that Vince McMahon ever imagined the take off and demand his company would acquire. Vince McMahon was smart enough to hire tech and business savvy individuals to help ensure that he stayed on top of the game. Without his Vice Presidents in each area, this ompany would not have been able to overtake the wrestling market and branch out into every form of marketing, selling, technical areas, and merchandising that the WWE has done. This corporation is definitely one of the best in the world. Everything it touches, besides the restaurant venue, has turned to complete profit. REFERENCES www. wrestlezone. com retrieved 5/31/12 www. wwe,inc. com retrieved 5/31/12 www. wwe,inc. com/corporate retrieved 5/31/2012 November 4, 2010 – World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. magazine Time Magazine, November 2010 http://graphjam. memebase. com/vote/page/1184/ retrieved 5/31/12

The Bre-X Gold Scandal, History and Resources

Start with the biggest deposit of gold ever reported, in the headwaters of the Busang River in the steaming jungle of Borneo. The Canadian company Bre-X Minerals Ltd. didnt know about that when it bought rights to the site in 1993. But after Bre-X hired a high-living geologist to map the ore body, the deposit, along with the fever dreams that accompany gold, grew to monster size—by March 1997 that geologist was talking about a 200-million-ounce resource. You do the math at, say US$500 per ounce in mid-1990s dollars. Bre-X prepared for big times ahead by building a gold-plated website, where you could generate your own Bre-X stock chart to follow its meteoric rise. It also had a chart showing the equally meteoric rise of the estimated gold resource: together, those two pages could infect anyone with gold fever. The Sharks Arrive Bigger mineral companies took notice. Some made takeover offers. So did the Indonesian government, in the person of president Suharto and his powerful family. Bre-X owned more of this lode than seemed prudent for such a small, inexperienced foreign firm. Suharto suggested that Bre-X share its fortunate surplus with the people of Indonesia and with Barrick, a firm tied to Suhartos ambitious daughter Siti Rukmana. (Barricks advisors, among them George H. W. Bush and ex-prime minister of Canada Brian Mulroney, also favored this scheme.) Bre-X responded by enlisting Suhartos son Sigit Hardjojudanto on its side. An impasse loomed. To end the contretemps, family friend Mohamad Bob Hasan stepped in to offer all sides a deal. The American firm Freeport-McMoRan Copper Gold, led by another old Suharto friend, would run the mine and Indonesian interests would share the wealth. Bre-X would keep 45 percent of the ownership and Hasan for his pains would accept a share possibly worth a billion or so. Asked what he was paying for this stake, Hasan said, There is no payment, no nothing. It is a very clean deal. Trouble Arises The deal was announced on 17 February 1997. Freeport went to Borneo to start its own due-diligence drilling. Suharto was ready to sign a contract after this step, locking in Bre-Xs land rights for 30 years and starting the flood of gold. But just four weeks later, Bre-Xs geologist at Busang, Michael de Guzman, exited his helicopter that was 250 meters in the air at the time—an evident suicide. On March 26 Freeport reported that its due-diligence cores, drilled only a meter and a half from Bre-Xs, showed insignificant amounts of gold. The next day Bre-X stock lost almost all of its value. Freeport brought more rock samples to its American headquarters under armed guard. Bre-X commissioned a review of Freeports drilling; the review recommended more drilling. Another review focusing on the chemical assays caused Bre-X to clam up completely on 1 April, and Suhartos signature was postponed. Bre-X, in a novel strategy for the time, blamed the Web. CEO David Walsh told a fawning Calgary Herald reporter that the meltdown began when scurrilous local rumors in Indonesia were picked up by one of the ghostwriters on the Internet on the chat page or whatever. Further reviews took the rest of April. Meanwhile, disquieting details began to arise. Industry journalists soon found evidence that the Busang ore samples had been salted with gold dust. Salting of the Earth On Friday 11 April, Northern Miner magazine put a news flash on its site laying out three lines of evidence that Bre-X had been duped. First, contrary to company statements, the Busang core samples had been prepared for assay in the jungle, not in the testing lab. A videotape made by a visitor to the field site showed the humble machines common in assay labs—hammer mills, crushers, and sample splitters. Well-labeled sample bags clearly had finely crushed ore in them. Security was lax enough that samples could easily have been spiked with gold.Second, the local inhabitants had begun panning for gold in the Busang River, but in two years they never found any. Yet Bre-X claimed that gold was visible, a sign of unusually rich ore. And de Guzmans technical report, confusingly, called the gold submicroscopic, which is typical of hard-rock gold ore.Third, the assayer that tested the samples said the gold was predominantly in visible-sized grains. Also, the grains showed signs consistent with being typical river-panned gold dust, such as rounded outlines and rims depleted in silver. The assayer dodged the 64-billion- dollar question, saying that there were indeed ways for hard-rock gold grains to acquire rounded edges—but that argument was a fig leaf. The Curtain Falls Meanwhile, a storm of securities lawsuits arose around Bre-X, which vigorously protested that this was just an unfortunate series of misunderstandings. But it was too late. The collapse of Bre-X cast a cloud over the gold mining industry that lasted into the next century. David Walsh decamped to the Bahamas, where he died of an aneurysm in 1998. Bre-Xs chief geologist, John Felderhof, eventually went on trial in Canada but was acquitted of securities fraud in July 2007. Apparently in selling part of his stock holdings for $84 million in the months before the scandal hit he had not been criminal, just too stupid to catch the fraud. And I have been told that Michael de Guzman has been seen in Canada, years after the scandal. The explanation would be that, as was rumored at the time, an anonymous corpse was thrown from the helicopter. You could say the very jungle had been salted as well as the ore bags.